Rush Limbaugh

Rush Limbaugh
Rush Limbaugh
	Limbaugh in 2019
Born	Rush Hudson Limbaugh III January 12, 1951 (age 69) Cape Girardeau, Missouri, U.S.
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Southeast Missouri State University (did not graduate)
Occupation	Radio host, political commentator
Years active	1967–present
Net worth	US$500 million (2016)
Spouse(s)	Roxy Maxine McNeely; (m. 1977; div. 1980) Michelle Sixta; (m. 1983; div. 1990) Marta Fitzgerald; (m. 1994; div. 2004) Kathryn Rogers (m. 2010)
Website	rushlimbaugh.com

Rush Hudson Limbaugh III (/ˈlɪmbɔː/ LIM-baw; born January 12, 1951) is an American radio personality, conservative political commentator, author, and former television show host. He is best known as the host of his long running radio show The Rush Limbaugh Show, which entered national syndication on AM and FM radio stations in 1988. The show has aired live from Limbaugh’s home studio in West Palm Beach, Florida since 1996. Limbaugh began his career in 1967 as a radio DJ at various stations in Pittsburgh and Missouri. After a brief hiatus, Limbaugh returned to radio in 1984 at KFBK-AM in Sacramento, California, adopting a talk, political commentary, and listener phone-in format to his show. In 1988, Limbaugh started at WABC-AM in New York City where he became a prominent media figure.

In addition to his radio show, Limbaugh hosted a national television show from 1992 to 1996. He has written seven books; his first two, The Way Things Ought to Be (1992) and See, I Told You So (1993), made The New York Times Best Seller list. Limbaugh is among the highest-paid radio figures. In 2008, he signed an eight-year deal with Clear Channel Communications worth $400 million to continue his radio show on its network.^[1] In 2018, Forbes listed his earnings at $84.5 million ^[2], up slightly from 2017 when he was ranked as the 11th highest-earning celebrity.^[3] In 2015, Talkers Magazine estimated that Limbaugh’s show attracted a cumulative weekly audience of 13.25 million listeners to become the most-listened-to radio show in the US.^[4]^[5] Limbaugh has mentioned his audience has continued to grow to 14 million listeners each day and 27 million each week.^[6] He is a critic of liberalism in the US and liberal bias in the widespread media.

Early life

Limbaugh was born on January 12, 1951 in Cape Girardeau, Missouri to parents Rush Hudson Limbaugh Jr. and Mildred Carolyn (née Armstrong) Limbaugh. He and his younger brother David were born into the Limbaugh family; his father was a lawyer and a U.S. fighter pilot who served in the China Burma India Theater of World War II. His mother was from Searcy, Arkansas. The name “Rush” was originally chosen for his grandfather to honor the maiden name of a family member, Edna Rush.^[7]

Limbaugh is partly of German ancestry.^[8] The family includes many lawyers, including his grandfather, father and brother; his uncle, Stephen N. Limbaugh Sr., was a federal judge in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri. His cousin, Stephen N. Limbaugh Jr., is a judge in the same court, appointed by George W. Bush. Limbaugh’s grandfather, Rush Limbaugh Sr., was a Missouri prosecutor, judge, special commissioner, member of the Missouri House of Representatives in the 1930s and longtime president of the Missouri Historical Society.^[9]

In 1969, Limbaugh graduated from Cape Girardeau Central High School.^{[citation needed]} He played football.^[10]^[11] During this time, at age 16 he worked his first radio job at KGMO-AM, a local radio station in Cape Girardeau. He used the airname Rusty Sharpe having found “Sharpe” in a telephone book.^[7]^[12] Limbaugh later cited Chicago DJ Larry Lujack as a major influence on him, “the only person I ever copied.”^[13] Because of his parents’ desire to see him attend college, he enrolled at Southeast Missouri State University but dropped out after two semesters. According to his mother, “he flunked everything […] he just didn’t seem interested in anything except radio.”^[7]^[14]Biographer Zev Chafets believes that a large part of Limbaugh’s life has been dedicated to gaining his father’s respect and approval.^[15]

Career

1971–1988: Early radio career

In February 1971, after dropping out of university, the 20-year-old Limbaugh accepted an offer to DJ at WIXZ-AM, a Top 40 station in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. He adopted the airname “Bachelor Jeff” Christie and worked afternoons before moving to morning drive.^[16] The station’s general manager compared Limbaugh’s style at this time to “early Imus.”^[17] In 1973, after eighteen months at WIXZ, Limbaugh was fired from the station due to “personality conflict” with the program director. He then started a nighttime position at KQV-AM in Pittsburgh, succeeding Jim Quinn.^[18] In late 1974, Limbaugh was dismissed after new management put pressure on the program director to fire him. Limbaugh recalled the general manager telling him that he would never land success as an air personality and suggested a career in radio sales.^[19] After rejecting his only offer at the time, a position in Neenah, Wisconsin, Limbaugh returned to living with his parents in Cape Girardeau.^[18] During this time, he became a lifelong fan of the Pittsburgh Steelers.^[20]^[21]^[22]

In 1975, Limbaugh began an afternoon show at the Top 40 station KUDL in Kansas City, Missouri. He soon became the host of a public service talk program that aired on weekend mornings which allowed him to develop his style and present more controversial ideas.^[23] In 1977, he was let go from the station but remained in Kansas City to start an evening show at KFIX. The stint was short-lived, however, and disagreements with management led to his dismissal weeks after.^[24] By this time, Limbaugh had become disillusioned with radio and felt pressure to pursue a different career. He looked back on himself as “a moderate failure […] as a deejay”.^[25] In 1979, he accepted a part-time role in group sales for the Kansas City Royals baseball team which developed into a full-time position as director of group sales and special events. He worked from the Royals Stadium.^[26] There he developed a close friendship with then-Royals star third baseman and future Hall of Famer George Brett; the two remain close friends.^[27] Limbaugh claimed that business trips to Europe and Asia during this time developed his conservative views as he considered these countries having lower standards of living than the US.^[28]

In November 1983, Limbaugh returned to radio with a year’s stint at KMBZ-AM in Kansas City. He decided to drop his on-air moniker and broadcast under his real name.^[29] He was fired from the station, but weeks later he landed a spot on KFBK-AM in Sacramento, California, replacing Morton Downey Jr. The show launched on October 14, 1984.^[30] The repeal of the Fairness Doctrine—which had required that stations provide free air time for responses to any controversial opinions that were broadcast—by the FCC on August 5, 1987 meant stations could broadcast editorial commentary without having to present opposing views. Daniel Henninger wrote, in a Wall Street Journal editorial, “Ronald Reagan tore down this wall (the Fairness Doctrine) in 1987 … and Rush Limbaugh was the first man to proclaim himself liberated from the East Germany of liberal media domination.”^[31]

1988–1990s: WABC New York City and syndication

Limbaugh at The Phil Donahue Show in 1991

In July 1988, after his success in Sacramento caught the attention of former ABC Radio President Edward McLaughlin, Limbaugh started a new show at WABC-AM in New York City.^[32] He debuted just weeks after the Democratic National Convention, and just weeks before the Republican National Convention. Limbaugh’s radio home in New York City was the talk-formatted WABC (AM), and this remained his flagship station for many years, even after Limbaugh moved to West Palm Beach, Fla., from where he continues to broadcast his show.^[7] Limbaugh’s show moved on January 1, 2014 to WABC’s cross-town rival WOR (AM), its current New York outlet.^{[citation needed]}

By 1990, Limbaugh had been on his Rush to Excellence Tour, a series of personal appearances in cities nationwide, for two years. For the 45 shows he completed that year alone, he was estimated to make around $360,000.^[13]

In December 1990, journalist Lewis Grossberger wrote in The New York Times that Limbaugh had “more listeners than any other talk show host” and described Limbaugh’s style as “bouncing between earnest lecturer and political vaudevillian.”^[13] Limbaugh’s rising profile coincided with the Persian Gulf War, and his support for the war effort and his relentless ridicule of peace activists. The program was moved to stations with larger audiences, eventually being broadcast on over 650 radio stations nationwide.

In 1992, Democrat Bill Clinton was elected president of the United States. Limbaugh satirized the policies of Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton, as well as those of the Democratic Party. When the Republican Party won control of Congress in the 1994 midterm elections, the freshman Republican class awarded Limbaugh an honorary membership in their caucus believing he had a role in their success.^[33]

2000s

Limbaugh had publicized personal difficulties in the 2000s. In late 2001, he acknowledged that he had become almost completely deaf, although he continued his show. He was able to regain much of his hearing with the help of a cochlear implant in 2001.

In 2003, Limbaugh had a brief stint as a professional football commentator with ESPN. He resigned a few weeks into the 2003 NFL season after making comments about the press coverage for quarterback Donovan McNabb that caused controversy and accusations of racism on the part of Limbaugh. His comment about McNabb was:

I don’t think he’s been that good from the get-go. I think what we’ve had here is a little social concern in the NFL. I think the media has been very desirous that a black quarterback do well. They’re interested in black coaches and black quarterbacks doing well. I think there’s a little hope invested in McNabb and he got a lot of credit for the performance of his team that he really didn’t deserve. The defense carried this team.^[34]

The sportwriter Peter King construed the comment as “boneheaded”.^[35] The sports analyst Allen Barra wrote Limbaugh’s viewpoint was shared by “many football fans and analysts” and “it is … absurd to say that the sports media haven’t overrated Donovan McNabb because he’s black”.^[36]

In 2003, Limbaugh stated that he was addicted to pain medication, and sought treatment.^[37] In April 2006, Limbaugh turned himself in to authorities, on a warrant issued by the Palm Beach County state attorney‘s office, and was arrested “on a single charge of prescription fraud“.^[38] His record was later expunged.^[39]

2010s

In 2013, news reports indicated that Cumulus Media, some of whose stations carried Limbaugh’s program in certain major markets, including New York, Chicago, Dallas, Washington D.C. and Detroit, was considering dropping his show when its contract with Limbaugh expired at the end of that year, reportedly because the company believed that its advertising revenues had been hurt by listener reaction to controversial Limbaugh comments.^[40] Limbaugh himself said that the reports were overblown and that it was a matter of routine dollars-and-cents negotiations between Cumulus and his network syndication partner, Premiere Networks, a unit of Clear Channel Communications. Ultimately, the parties reached agreement on a new contract, with Limbaugh’s show moving from its long-time flagship outlet in New York, the Cumulus-owned WABC, to the latter’s cross-town rival, the Clear Channel-owned WOR, starting January 1, 2014, but remaining on the Cumulus-owned stations it was being carried on in other markets.^[40]

The Rush Limbaugh Show

Limbaugh’s radio show airs for three hours each weekday beginning at noon Eastern Time on both AM and FM radio. The program is also broadcast worldwide on the Armed Forces Radio Network.

Radio broadcasting shifted from AM to FM in the late 1970s because of the opportunity to broadcast music in stereo with better fidelity. Limbaugh’s show was first nationally syndicated in August 1988, in a later stage of AM’s decline. Limbaugh’s popularity paved the way for other conservative talk radio programming to become commonplace on AM radio. The show increased its audience in the 1990s to the extent that even some FM stations picked it up, even though AM’s poor sound quality and lack of stereo make AM preferable for a talk show like Limbaugh’s. As of January 2019 about half of Limbaugh’s affiliate stations are on the FM dial.

In March 2006, WBAL in Baltimore became the first major market radio station in the country to drop Limbaugh’s nationally syndicated radio program.^[41] In 2007, Talkers magazine again named him No. 1 in its “Heavy Hundred” most important talk show hosts.

Limbaugh frequently mentions the EIB (Excellence In Broadcasting) Network, trademarked in 1990. In the beginning, his show was co-owned and first syndicated by Edward F. McLaughlin, former president of ABC, who founded EFM Media in 1988, with Limbaugh’s show as his first product. In 1997, McLaughlin sold EFM to Jacor Communications, which was ultimately bought up by Clear Channel Communications. Today, Limbaugh owns a majority of the show, which is syndicated by the Premiere Radio Networks.

According to a 2001 article in U.S. News & World Report, Limbaugh had an eight-year contract, at the rate of $31.25 million a year.^[42] In 2007, Limbaugh earned $33 million.^[43] A November 2008 poll by Zogby International found that Rush Limbaugh was the most trusted news personality in the nation, garnering 12.5 percent of poll responses.^[44]

Limbaugh signed a $400 million, eight-year contract in 2008 with what was then Clear Channel Communications, making him the highest-paid broadcaster on terrestrial radio. On August 2, 2016, Limbaugh signed a four-year extension of the 2008 contract.^[45] At the announcement of the extension, Premiere Radio Networks and iHeartMedia announced that his show experienced audience growth with 18% growth in adults 25–54, 27% growth with 25–54 women, and ad revenue growth of 20% year over year.^[45]

In 2018, Limbaugh was the world’s second (behind Howard Stern) highest-paid radio host, reportedly earning $84.5 million. ^[46]

On January 5, 2020, Limbaugh renewed his contract again. Though media reports said it was “a long-term” renewal, (with no length specified), according to Donald Trump it was a four-year deal.^[47]

Television show

Limbaugh had a syndicated half-hour television show from 1992 through 1996, produced by Roger Ailes. The show discussed many of the topics on his radio show, and was taped in front of an audience. Rush Limbaugh says he loves doing his radio show,^[48] but not a TV show.^[49]

Other media appearances

Limbaugh’s first television hosting experience came March 30, 1990, as a guest host on Pat Sajak‘s CBS late-night talk show, The Pat Sajak Show.^[50] ACT UP activists in the audience^[51] heckled Limbaugh repeatedly; ultimately the entire studio audience was cleared. In 2001, Sajak said the incident was “legendary around CBS”.^[52]

On December 17, 1993, Limbaugh appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman.^[53] Limbaugh also guest-starred (as himself) on a 1994 episode of Hearts Afire. He appeared in the 1995 Billy Crystal film Forget Paris, and in 1998 on an episode of The Drew Carey Show.

In 2007, Limbaugh made cameo appearances on Fox News Channel‘s short-lived The 1/2 Hour News Hour in a series of parodies portraying him as the future President of the United States. In the parodies, his vice president was fellow conservative pundit Ann Coulter. That year, he also made a cameo in the Family Guy episode “Blue Harvest“, a parody of Star Wars in which Limbaugh can be heard on the radio claiming that the “liberal galactic media” were lying about climate change on the planet Hoth, and that Lando Calrissian‘s administrative position on Cloud City was a result of affirmative action. More recent Family Guy appearances have happened in the 2010 episode “Excellence in Broadcasting“, and 2011’s “Episode VI: It’s a Trap!“, a parody of Return of the Jedi.

Influence and legacy

Limbaugh has become widely recognized as one of the premiere voices of the conservative movement in the United States since the 1990s. In a 1992 letter, President Reagan thanked him, “for all you’re doing to promote Republican and conservative principles … [and] you have become the Number One voice for conservatism in our Country.”^[54]^[55] In 1994, Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives made Limbaugh an honorary member.^[56]

In 1995, Rush Limbaugh was profiled on the PBS series Frontline in a one-hour documentary called “Rush Limbaugh’s America.” Limbaugh refused to be interviewed, but his mother, brother and many Republican supporters took part, as well as critics and opponents.^[57]

Since the 1990s, Limbaugh has become known for his love of cigars, saying, “I think cigars are just a tremendous addition to the enjoyment of life.”^[58] During his syndicated television program from 1992 to 1996, he also become known for wearing distinctive neckties. In response to viewer interest, Limbaugh launched a series of ties^[59] designed primarily by his then-wife Marta.^[60] Limbaugh is also known for using props, songs and photos to introduce his monologues on various topics. On his radio show, news about the homeless has often been preceded with the Clarence “Frogman” Henry song “Ain’t Got No Home.”^[13] For a time, Dionne Warwick‘s song, “I Know I’ll Never Love This Way Again” preceded reports about people with HIV/AIDS.^[61] These later became “condom updates” preceded by Fifth Dimension‘s song, “Up, Up and Away”.^[13] For two weeks in 1989, on his Sacramento radio show, Limbaugh performed “caller abortions” where he would end a call suddenly to the sounds of a vacuum cleaner and a scream. He would then deny that he had “hung up” on the caller, which he had promised not to do. Limbaugh claims that he used this gag to illustrate “the tragedy of abortion” as well as to highlight the question of whether abortion constitutes murder.^[62] During the Clinton administration, while filming his television program, Limbaugh referred to media coverage of Socks, the Clintons’ cat. He then stated, “But did you know there is also a White House dog?” and a picture of Chelsea Clinton was shown. When questioned about it, Limbaugh claimed that it was an accident and that without his permission some technician had put up the picture of Chelsea.^[63]^[64]

Limbaugh was awarded the Marconi Radio Award for Syndicated Radio Personality of the Year by the National Association of Broadcasters five times – 1992, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2014 (given by the National Association of Broadcasters).^[65]^[66] He was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1993 and the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 1998.^[67]^[68] By 2001, he inked a $285 million contract for eight years, which was renewed in 2008 for another eight years at $400 million.^[69] By 2017, Limbaugh was the second highest paid radio host in the United States, earning an annual salary of $84 million – second only to Howard Stern.^[70] Talkers Magazine ranked him as the greatest radio talk show host of all time in 2002,^[71] and in 2017, he was the most-listened-to radio host in the United States with 14 million listeners.^[72]

Limbaugh was awarded the inaugural William F. Buckley Jr. Award for Media Excellence by the Media Research Center, a conservative media analysis group in 2007.^[73] Conservative magazine Human Events also announced Limbaugh as their 2007 Man of the Year.^[74]Later that same year, Barbara Walters featured Limbaugh as one of the most fascinating people of the year in a special that aired on December 4, 2008.^[75]

On February 28, 2009, following his self-described “first address to the nation” lasting 90 minutes, carried live on CNN and Fox News and recorded for C-SPAN, Limbaugh received CPAC‘s “Defender of the Constitution Award”, a document originally signed by Benjamin Franklin, given to someone “who has stood up for the First Amendment … Rush Limbaugh is for America, exactly what Benjamin Franklin did for the Founding Fathers … the only way we will be successful is if we listen to Rush Limbaugh.”^[76]

In his 2010 book, Rush Limbaugh: An Army of One, Ze’ev Chafets cited Limbaugh as, “the brains and the spirit behind” the Republican Party’s resurgence in the 2010 midterm elections in the wake of the election of President Obama.^[77] Chafets pointed, among others, to Sen. Arlen Specter‘s defeat, after being labeled by Limbaugh as a “Republican in Name Only”, and to Sarah Palin, whose “biggest current applause line – Republicans are not just the party of no, but the party of hell no – came courtesy of Mr. Limbaugh.” Limbaugh has argued the party-of-no Ronald Reagan conservative course for the Republicans vigorously, notably since six weeks after the Obama inauguration, and has been fundamental to, and encouraging to, the more prominently noted Tea Party movement.^[78]

Rush Limbaugh was inducted into the Hall of Famous Missourians on May 14, 2012, in a secret ceremony announced only 20 minutes before it began to prevent negative media attention.^[79] A bronze bust of Limbaugh is on display at the Missouri State Capitol building in Jefferson City, along with 40 other awardees. Limbaugh’s bust includes a security camera to prevent vandalism.^[80]^[81]

Views

In his first New York Times best seller, Limbaugh describes himself as conservative, and is critical of broadcasters in many media outlets for claiming to be objective. He has criticized political centrists, independents, and moderate conservatives, claiming they are responsible for Democrat Barack Obama‘s victory over Republican John McCain in the 2008 United States presidential election and inviting them to leave the Republican Party. He calls for the adoption of core conservative philosophies in order to ensure the survival of the Republican Party.^[82]^[83]^[84] Limbaugh is a proponent of American exceptionalism, and he often criticizes politicians he sees as rejecting this notion as unpatriotic or anti-American.^[28]

Abortion

Limbaugh considers Roe v. Wade “bad law” and supports overturning it. He has compared support for abortion with Nazism, saying that abortion is “a modern-day holocaust” and that for feminists abortion is “a kind of sacrament for their religion/politics of alienation and bitterness”. During the 2008 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection Limbaugh strongly opposed Tom Ridge due to his pro-abortion views.^[85]

Minorities

Limbaugh is known for making controversial race-related statements with regard to African-Americans. He once opined that all newspaper composite pictures of wanted criminals resembled Jesse Jackson, and another time that “the NFL all too often looks like a game between the Bloods and the Crips without any weapons.”^[86]^[87] While employed as what he describes as an “insult-radio” DJ, he used a derogatory racial stereotype to characterize a black caller he could not understand, telling the caller to “take that bone out of your nose and call me back,” although he expressed guilt over this when recounting it.^[87] In March 2010, Limbaugh used the similarity of recently resigned Rep. Eric Massa‘s surname to the slavery-era African-American pronunciation of “master” to make a pun on the possibility that Gov. David Paterson, New York‘s first African-American governor, would pick Massa’s replacement: “Let’s assume you’re right [caller]. So, David Paterson will become the massa who gets to appoint whoever gets to take Massa’s place. So, for the first time in his life, Paterson’s gonna be a massa. Interesting, interesting.”^[88]

Limbaugh has asserted that African-Americans, in contrast with other minority groups, are “left behind” socially because they have been systematically trained from a young age to hate the United States because of the welfare state.^[89]

Limbaugh has argued that liberal politicians have encouraged immigration from Latin America but have discouraged their assimilation to deliberately create racial inequality to manipulate as a voter base, and that their continued admission will cause a collapse of representative democracy and rule of law in the United States. He has criticized the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 for this reason.^[90]

Limbaugh, who has expressed anti-LGBT rhetoric in the past and views homosexual sexual practices as unhygienic, made serophobic statements about HIV/AIDS victims in the 1990s, and called the virus “Rock Hudson‘s disease” and “the only federally-protected virus.” Limbaugh claimed in 2007 while defending President Reagan’s response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic during the 1980s that it did not “spread to the heterosexual community.” Limbaugh, who still opposes homosexuality, has since called his statements “the single most regretful thing I have ever done.”^[91]^[92] In 2013, Limbaugh commented on same-sex marriage by saying, “This issue is lost. I don’t care what the Supreme Court does. This is inevitable. And it’s inevitable because we lost the language on this. As far as I’m concerned, once we started talking about gay marriage, traditional marriage, opposite-sex marriage, same-sex marriage, hetero marriage, we lost. It was over.”^[93]^[94]

Capital punishment

Limbaugh supports capital punishment. Referring to Robert Alton Harris, who was escorted to the gas chamber before receiving a fourth stay of execution, Limbaugh wrote “the only thing cruel about the death penalty is last-minute stays.”^[95]

Sexual consent

Limbaugh dismisses the concept of consent in sexual relations. He views consent as “the magic key to the left.”^[96] In 2014, Limbaugh criticized a policy at Ohio State University encouraging students to obtain verbal consent, saying “How many of you guys . . . have learned that ‘no’ means ‘yes’ if you know how to spot it?” The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee used these statements to advocate a boycott of Limbaugh’s show and advertisers, claiming that the statements were tantamount to an endorsement of sexual assault. Limbaugh denied this, and his spokesman Brian Glicklick and lawyer Patricia Glaser threatened a defamation lawsuit against the DCCC .^[97]

Drug policy

Limbaugh has been an outspoken critic of what he sees as leniency towards criminal drug use in America. On his television show on October 5, 1995, Limbaugh stated, “too many whites are getting away with drug use” and illegal drug trafficking. Limbaugh proposed that the racial disparity in drug enforcement could be fixed if authorities increased detection efforts, conviction rates, and jail time for whites involved in illegal drugs.^[98] He defended mandatory-minimum sentencing as an effective tool against the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s.^[99] Limbaugh has accused advocates of legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States of hypocrisy due to their advocacy of tobacco control and backlash against electronic cigarettes, and compared the advocates for its legalization in Colorado to Big Tobacco.^[100]

Environmental issues

Limbaugh is critical of environmentalism and climate science.^[101] He rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, and the relationship between CFCs and depletion of the ozone layer, saying the scientific evidence does not support them.^[95] Limbaugh has argued against the scientific consensus on climate change saying it is “just a bunch of scientists organized around a political proposition.”^[102] He has also argued that projections of climate change are the product of ideologically-motivated computer simulations without the proper support of empirical data, a claim which has been widely debunked.^[103]^[104] Limbaugh has used the term “environmentalist wacko” when referring to left-leaning environmental advocates.^[105] As a rhetorical device, he has also used the term to refer to more mainstream climate scientists and other environmental scientists and advocates with whom he disagrees.^[106] Limbaugh opposed pollution credits, including a carbon cap-and-trade system, as a way to disproportionately benefit major American investment banks, particularly Goldman Sachs, and claimed that it would destroy the American national economy.^[107]

Limbaugh has written that “there are more acres of forestland in America today than when Columbus discovered the continent [sic] in 1492,” a claim that is disputed by the United States Forest Service and the American Forestry Association, which state that the precolonial forests have been reduced by about 24 percent or nearly 300 million acres.^[108]^[109]

Limbaugh strongly opposed the proposed Green New Deal and its sponsor Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.^[110]

Feminism

Limbaugh is critical of feminism, which he views as advancing only liberals and not women in general.^[91] During an interview with Time magazine during the 1992 presidential election he stated that it “was established so as to allow unattractive women easier access to the mainstream of society.”^[111] He has criticized Democratic congressmen calling for more women in Congress as hypocritical due to their opposition to female Republican candidates.^[91] He has also regularly used the term “feminazi“, described by The New York Times in 1994 as one of his “favorite epithets for supporters of women’s rights”.^[33] According to Limbaugh in 1992, for certain feminists, the “most important thing in life is ensuring that as many abortions as possible occur.”^[112] He also used the term referring to the half-million large 2017 Women’s March as the “Deranged Feminazi March”.^[113] He credited his friend Tom Hazlett, a professor of law and economics at George Mason University, with coining the term.^[114]

Middle East

Limbaugh first rose to prominence in 1991 for his vocal support for the Persian Gulf War and criticism of opponents of the war. Limbaugh later accused the media, in particular Sam Donaldson, of deliberately overestimating in their predictions of the amount of American casualties caused by the war and overstating the Iraqi Armed Forces’s military preparedness.

Limbaugh was supportive of the Iraq War, and first suggested bombing Ba’athist Iraq in 2002 in revenge for the September 11 attacks.^[115] Even after no Iraqi weapons of mass destruction were found, he supported theories that they had existed.^[115] On the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal, Limbaugh said, “This is no different than what happens at the Skull and Bones initiation … And we’re going to ruin people’s lives over it and we’re going to hamper our military effort, and then we are going to really hammer them because they had a good time.”^[116]^[117] Speaking at the 2009 Conservative Political Action Conference, Limbaugh accused Democratic congressional leaders such as Harry Reid of deliberately undermining the war effort.^[118]

In 2018, Limbaugh speculated that evidence of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction had been fabricated by the U.S. intelligence community to embarrass President Bush.^[119]

During the 2019-20 Persian Gulf crisis, Limbaugh praised the 2020 Baghdad International Airport drone strike that resulted in the death of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps‘s commander Major General Qasem Soleimani, and accused opponents of the strike of supporting Iran over the United States.^[120] On January 6, 2020, he held an interview with President Donald Trump on his show commending him for the strike.^[121]

Trade

In 1993, Limbaugh supported the North American Free Trade Agreement, joking in response to claims that it would lead to a transfer of unskilled labor to Mexico that this would only leave the United States with better jobs.^[122] During a 1993 televised debate against H. Ross Perot over NAFTA, Vice President Al Gore complimented Limbaugh as one of the “distinguished Americans” who pushed NAFTA forward in spite of the intense animosity between Limbaugh and the administration of President Bill Clinton.^[123] He later became more critical of NAFTA and trade agreements in general, claiming that they had reduced national sovereignty by “subordinating” America to “world tribunals, like the World Trade Organization and the International Criminal Court and this kind of thing.”^[124] He also claimed that promises to stem mass migration by invigorating the Latin American economy had failed.^[125]^[124] He supported a renegotiation of NAFTA and the eventual United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.^[124]

Limbaugh defended the Trump tariffs and the China–United States trade war as a legitimate response to predatory Chinese trade practices and its Communist command economy.^[126]^[127]

Barack Obama

Rush Limbaugh strongly opposed Barack Obama during the 2008 presidential election. Limbaugh predicted that Obama would be unable to win the election. On January 16, 2009, Limbaugh commented on the then-upcoming Obama presidency, “I hope he fails.”^[128]Limbaugh later said that he wants to see Obama’s policies fail, not the man himself.^[129] Speaking of Obama, Limbaugh said, “He’s my president, he’s a human being, and his ideas and policies are what count for me.”^[128] Limbaugh later discouraged efforts to impeach Barack Obama as politically unrealistic.^[130]

Limbaugh accused Obama of using his race to prevent criticism of his policies, and said he was successful in his first year in office only because conservative members of the 111th Congress feared accusations of racism.^[131]^[132] Limbaugh featured a recurring skit in which his colleague James Golden, who described himself as an “African-American-in-good-standing-and-certified-black-enough-to-criticize-Obama guy,” appeared in a cameo as the “Official EIB Obama Criticizer.”^[133]

Limbaugh blamed Obama’s foreign policy, including the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, for allowing the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.^[134] Limbaugh also claimed that the 2012 Benghazi attack occurred due to a secret arms trafficking operation to the Syrian opposition authorized by Obama and coordinated by Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens, speculating that the 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak would reveal evidence of it.^[135] Limbaugh also criticized the Russian reset, seeing Vladimir Putin‘s rule in the Russian Federation as a thinly-veiled continuation of the Soviet Union and Marxism–Leninism.^[28] He was also critical of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, including of Obama’s decision to ratify it as an executive agreement, and claims that it was used as a pretext for surveillance against Obama’s political opponents.^[136] Limbaugh argued that side agreements of the JCPOA limited transparency and would obligate the United States to militarily defend Iran against an Israeli offensive, including a preemptive strike to prevent nuclear weapons development.^[137]

During the West African Ebola virus epidemic, Limbaugh blamed Obama for allowing the spread of the disease to the United States in 2014, claiming that he should have stopped air travel to West Africa. He claimed that both the media and the government, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, deliberately downplayed its symptoms, expressing skepticism over the scientific consensus that the disease could be spread only through contact with bodily fluids and was not aerosol transmissible.^[138] When David Quammencriticized the idea of ending air travel to West Africa by pointing out that Liberia was founded due to slavery in the United States on Anderson Cooper 360°, Limbaugh suggested in response that the Obama administration was deliberately allowing Ebola to be transmitted to the United States due to its guilt over slavery, stating “People at the highest levels of our government say ‘Why, why shouldn’t we get it? Why should only those three nations in Africa get it? We’re no better than they are.’ And they have this attitude, ‘Well, if they have it in Africa, by God, we deserve to get it, because they’re in Africa because of us and because of slavery.'”^[139]^[140]^[141]

Donald Trump

Limbaugh with President Donald Trump at the Trump International Golf Club in 2019.

Limbaugh has been consistently supportive of the candidacy and presidency of Donald Trump, although he endorsed Ted Cruz during the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries and took issue with Trump’s treatment of Cruz.^[142] Limbaugh later criticized Cruz’s hesitance to endorse Trump after his nomination at the 2016 Republican National Convention, comparing it to Ted Kennedy’s lukewarm support of Jimmy Carter at the 1980 Democratic National Convention.^[143] After the election he became supportive of deep-state conspiracy theories, claiming that the United States has entered a “Cold Civil War” in which the Democratic Party is attempting to illegitimately overturn the election results and that it is part of a trend of Democrats contesting elections beginning with the 2000 Florida election recount intended to eventually eliminate free elections in the United States.^[144]^[145]^[146]

In December 2018, Limbaugh criticized Trump for preparing to accept a continuing resolution that would fund the government through February 8, 2019, but included no funding for a border wall on the Mexico–United States border, a campaign promise repeatedly emphasized by Trump.^[147] Trump would subsequently make a surprise telephone call to Limbaugh announcing his intent to veto the bill, a decision that would lead to the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown.^[148] Limbaugh would go on to support the shutdown, stating “We have a president keeping promises left and right. And isn’t it interesting to see how trivial Washington thinks that is?”^[149]^[150] After Trump declared the National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States and the 116th Congress failed in its attempt to override it, Limbaugh called on him to completely close the border with Mexico.^[151]

Limbaugh has been dismissive of controversies over links between Trump associates and Russian officials. He claims that the FBI investigations of Michael Flynn and Paul Manafort as well as the subsequent Special Counsel investigation directed by Robert Mueller were orchestrated by Barack Obama and the Democratic Party to undermine the legitimacy of Trump’s presidency and constituted an illegal coup d’état.^[152]^[153] Limbaugh claimed that George Papadopoulos was entrapped by the FBI, which he claims Joseph Mifsud was an informant for, through Stefan Halper as part of an “insurance policy” against Trump’s election by the Five Eyes intelligence alliance.^[154]Limbaugh has advocated a full presidential pardon for all suspects indicted or convicted by the investigation.^[151] After the release of the Mueller Report, he disputed its conclusion that WikiLeaks obtained the Democratic National Committee’s emails from the Russian government and its depiction of Donald Trump Jr.‘s Trump Tower meeting.^[155] He claimed that allegations of obstruction of justice were leveled at Trump due to the Report’s conclusion that Trump did not directly collude with Russian officials and that Trump’s intent to fire Mueller and Attorney General Jeff Sessions were legitimate.^[153]

Limbaugh supported the Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity as well as Trump’s claims that he lost the popular vote due to voter impersonation by illegal immigrants.^[156]

After the House of Representatives commenced a formal impeachment inquiry against President Trump due to the scandal over a 2019 telephone call to Ukrainian President Volodomyr Zelensky pressuring his government to prosecute Biden shortly after a freeze of military aid, Limbaugh argued that the two events were unrelated since Trump had made a decision to withhold military funds a month in advance. He additionally claimed that Trump’s desire for the Ukrainian government to prosecute Biden was legally justified by a 1999 mutual legal assistance treaty with Ukraine and “was following the law to the letter when it comes to unearthing the long-standing corruption that has swirled in Ukraine and allegedly involves powerful Democrats like Joe Biden.”^[144]^[157]

Alleging false flag attacks

In 2010, after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, Limbaugh speculated on his show that eco-terrorists deliberately destroyed the oil well to justify President Obama’s deepwater drilling moratorium.^[158] Limbaugh also claimed that the media was exaggerating the environmental effects of the disaster.^[159]

After the Unite the Right rally and vehicle-ramming attack in Charlottesville, Virginia, Limbaugh defended Trump’s controversial response to the rally and claimed that the violence had been provoked by Black Lives Matter activists, Antifa, and Robert Creamer.^[160] He also claimed without evidence that the police response had been deliberately restrained by Terry McAuliffe as a botched attempt to start a presidential bid in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, and that it was part of a campaign by “international financiers” such as George Soros to start a second civil war in the United States to remove its status as a global superpower.^[161]^[162]^[163] After attention on Trump’s comments renewed when Joe Biden criticized them in the announcement of his 2020 presidential campaign, Limbaugh again defended them by repeating claims that some of the protesters were not white supremacists and were protesting the removal of the statue of Robert E. Lee.^[164]

Limbaugh claimed that the October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts were perpetuated as a false-flag operation to draw public attention away from Central American migrant caravans.^[165]^[166] He reiterated these claims two weeks after the arrest of the primary suspect Cesar Sayoc, a registered Republican.^[167]^[168]

On his show, Limbaugh has said that the Christchurch mosque shootings of March 2019 may have been a false-flag operation. Limbaugh described “an ongoing theory” that the shooter was actually “a leftist” trying to smear the right. Despite providing no source or evidence, Limbaugh continued: “… you can’t immediately discount this. The left is this insane, they are this crazy.”^[169]^[170]

Controversies and claims of inaccuracy

The July–August 1994 issue of Extra!, a publication of Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR), alleges 50 different inaccuracies and distortions in Limbaugh’s commentary.^[171]^[172] Comedian Al Franken, who later became a Senator, wrote a satirical book (Rush Limbaugh Is a Big Fat Idiot and Other Observations) in which he accused Limbaugh of distorting facts to serve his own political biases.^[173]

Of Limbaugh’s controversial statements and allegations they have investigated, Politifact has rated 84% as ranging from “Mostly False” to “Pants-On-Fire” (a signification for extremely false), with 5% of Limbaugh’s contested statements rising to the level of “Mostly True” and 0% rated “True.”^[174] These debunked allegations by Limbaugh include suggestions that the existence of gorillas disproves the theory of evolution, that Ted Kennedy sent a letter to Soviet General Secretary Yuri Andropov seeking to undercut President Reagan, that a recent lack of hurricanes disproves climate change, and that President Obama wanted to mandate circumcision.^[175]^[176]^[177]^[178]

Limbaugh has been criticized for inaccuracies by the Environmental Defense Fund. A defense fund report authored by Princeton University endowed geoscience professor Michael Oppenheimer and professor of biology David Wilcove lists 14 significant scientific facts that, the authors allege, Limbaugh misrepresented in his book The Way Things Ought to Be.^[179] The authors conclude that “Rush Limbaugh … allows his political bias to distort the truth about a whole range of important scientific issues.”

On October 14, 2011, Limbaugh questioned the U.S. military initiative against Joseph Kony and his Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), based on the assumption that they were Christians. “They are fighting the Muslims in Sudan. And Obama has sent troops, United States troops to remove them from the battlefield, which means kill them.” Upon learning about the accusations leveled against Kony, which included kidnapping whole schools of young children for use as child soldiers, Limbaugh stated that he would research the group.^[180]^[181]The show’s written transcript on his website was not changed.^[181]^[182]

Michael J. Fox

In October 2006, Limbaugh said Michael J. Fox, who suffers from Parkinson’s disease, had exaggerated the effects of his affliction in a political TV advertisement advocating for funding of stem cell research. Limbaugh said that Fox in the ad had been “shameless” in “moving all around and shaking”, and that Fox had not taken “his medication or he’s acting, one of the two”.^[183] Fox said “the irony of it is I was too medicated,”^[184] adding that there was no way to predict how his symptoms would manifest. Limbaugh said he would apologize to Fox “bigly, hugely … if I am wrong in characterizing his behavior on this commercial as an act.”^[185] In 2012, Fox said Limbaugh in 2006 had acted on “bullying instincts” when “he said I faked it. I didn’t fake it,” and said Limbaugh’s goal was to have him marginalized and shut down for his stem cell stance.^[186]

Phony soldiers

In 2007, Media Matters‘ reported that Limbaugh had categorized Iraq War veterans opposed to the war as “the phony soldiers.” Limbaugh later said that he was speaking of Jesse MacBeth, a soldier who falsely claimed to have been decorated for valor but, in fact, had never seen combat. Limbaugh said Media Matters was trying to smear him with out-of-context and selectively edited comments. After Limbaugh published what he claimed was the entire transcript of phony soldiers discussion, Media Matters said that over a minute and 30 seconds of the transcript was omitted without “notation or ellipsis to indicate that there is, in fact, a break in the transcript.”^[187]^[188] Limbaugh said during the minute and a half gap Media Matters had pointed out, he was waiting for relevant ABC news copy on the topic, and the transcript and audio edits were “for space and relevance reasons, not to hide anything.”^[189] Senator Harry Reid and 41 Democrats, including Hillary Clinton, signed a letter asking the CEO of Clear Channel to denounce Limbaugh. Instead, he gave the letter to Limbaugh to auction. It raised over $2 million for the Marine Corps-Law Enforcement Foundation.^[190]

Sandra Fluke

On February 29, 2012, Limbaugh, while talking about contraceptive mandates, included remarks about law student Sandra Fluke as a “slut” and “prostitute.” Limbaugh was commenting on Fluke’s speech the previous week to House Democrats in support of mandating insurance coverage for contraceptives. Limbaugh made numerous similar statements over the next two days, leading to the loss of 45^[191] to “more than 100”^[192] local and national sponsors and Limbaugh’s apology on his show for some of his comments. Susan McMillan Emry co-organized a public relations campaign called Rock the Slut Vote as a response to Limbaugh’s remarks.^[193]

Charitable work

Leukemia and lymphoma telethon

Limbaugh holds an annual fundraising telethon called the “EIB Cure-a-Thon”^[194] for the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.^[195] In 2006, the EIB Cure-a-Thon conducted its 16th annual telethon, raising $1.7 million,^[196] totaling over $15 million since the first cure-a-thon.^[197]According to Leukemia and Lymphoma Society annual reports, Limbaugh personally contributed between $100,000 and $499,999 from 2000–2005 and 2007,^[198] and Limbaugh said that he contributed around $250,000 in 2003, 2004 and 2005.^[199] NewsMax reported Limbaugh donated $250,000 in 2006,^[200] and the Society’s 2006 annual report placed him in the $500,000 to $999,999 category.^[198] Limbaugh donated $320,000 during the 2007 Cure-a-Thon,^[201] which the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society reported had raised $3.1 million.^[202] On his radio program April 18, 2008, Limbaugh pledged $400,000 to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society after being challenged by two listeners to increase his initial pledge of $300,000.^[203]

Marine Corps–Law Enforcement Foundation

Limbaugh conducts an annual drive to help the Marine Corps–Law Enforcement Foundation collect contributions to provide scholarships for children of Marines and law enforcement officers and agents who have died in the line of duty.^[204]^[205] The foundation was the beneficiary of a record $2.1 million eBay auction in October 2007 after Limbaugh listed for sale a letter critical of him signed by 41 Democratic senators and pledged to match the selling price.^[206] With the founding of his and his wife’s company Two if by Tea, they pledged to donate at least $100,000 to the MC–LEF beginning in June 2011.^[207]

Tunnel to Towers Foundation

In July 2019 Nike announced a special Fourth of July edition of their Air Max 1 Quick Strike sneaker that featured the thirteen-star Betsy Ross flag. The company withdrew the sneaker after their spokesman Colin Kaepernick raised concerns that the symbol represented an era of black enslavement.^[208] In response Limbaugh’s radio program introduced a t-shirt imprinted “Stand up for Betsy Ross” with sale proceeds to benefit the Tunnel to Towers Foundation. As of December 2019 the sales have earned over $5M USD for the foundation.^[209]

Personal life

Limbaugh has had four marriages, three divorces, and no children.^[210] He was first married at the age of 26 to Roxy Maxine McNeely, a sales secretary at radio station WHB in Kansas City, Missouri. The couple married at the Centenary United Methodist Church in Limbaugh’s hometown of Cape Girardeau on September 24, 1977.^[211] McNeely filed for divorce in March 1980, citing “incompatibility.” They were formally divorced on July 10, 1980.^[7]

In 1983, Limbaugh married Michelle Sixta, a college student and usherette at the Kansas City Royals Stadium Club. They divorced in 1990, and she remarried the following year.^[7]

On May 27, 1994, Limbaugh married Marta Fitzgerald, a 35-year-old aerobics instructor whom he met on the online service CompuServe in 1990.^[212] They married at the house of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, who officiated.^[213] The couple separated on June 11, 2004.^[214] Limbaugh announced his divorce on the air. It was finalized in December 2004.^[215] In September 2004, Limbaugh became romantically involved with then-CNN news anchor Daryn Kagan; the relationship ended in February 2006.^[216]

Limbaugh has lived in Palm Beach since 1996. A friend recalls that Limbaugh “fell in love with Palm Beach … after visiting her over Memorial Day weekend in 1995.”^[217] Unlike New York, Florida does not tax income, the stated reason Limbaugh moved his residence and established his “Southern Command”.^[218]

On December 30, 2009, while vacationing in Honolulu, Hawaii, Limbaugh was admitted to Queen’s Medical Center with intense chest pains. His doctors attributed the pain to angina pectoris.^[219]

He dated Kathryn Rogers, a party planner from Florida, for three years^[220] before he married her on June 5, 2010.^[221]^[222] During the wedding reception after the ceremony, Elton John entertained the wedding guests for a reported $1 million fee; however, Limbaugh himself denied that the $1 million figure was accurate on his September 7, 2010, radio show.^[223]^[224]

Through a holding company, KARHL Holdings (KARHL meaning “Kathryn and Rush Hudson Limbaugh”), Limbaugh launched a line of bottled iced tea beverages called “Two if by Tea”,^[225] a play on the line from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow‘s “Paul Revere’s Ride” “one if by land, two if by sea”. KARHL Holdings features a Rush Revere website where children can send notes to Liberty, the time-traveling, talking horse.^[226]

Prescription drug addiction

On October 3, 2003, the National Enquirer reported that Limbaugh was being investigated for illegally obtaining the prescription drugs oxycodone and hydrocodone. Other news outlets quickly confirmed the investigation.^[227] He admitted to listeners on his radio show on October 10, 2003, that he was addicted to prescription painkillers and stated that he would enter inpatient treatment for 30 days, immediately after the broadcast.^[228] Limbaugh stated his addiction to painkillers resulted from several years of severe back pain heightened by a botched surgery intended to correct those problems.

A subsequent investigation into whether Limbaugh had violated Florida’s doctor shopping laws was launched by the Palm Beach State Attorney, which raised privacy issues when investigators seized Limbaugh’s private medical records looking for evidence of crimes. Roy Black, one of Limbaugh’s attorneys, stated that “Rush Limbaugh was singled out for prosecution because of who he is. We believe the state attorney’s office is applying a double standard.”^[229] On November 9, 2005, following two years of investigations, Assistant State Attorney James L. Martz requested that the court set aside Limbaugh’s doctor–patient confidentiality rights and allow the state to question his physicians.^[230] Limbaugh’s attorney opposed the prosecutor’s efforts to interview his doctors on the basis of patient privacy rights, and argued that the prosecutor had violated Limbaugh’s Fourth Amendment rights by illegally seizing his medical records. The American Civil Liberties Union issued a statement in agreement and filed an amicus curiae brief in support of Limbaugh.^[231]^[232] On December 12, 2005, Judge David F. Crow delivered a ruling prohibiting the State of Florida from questioning Limbaugh’s physicians about “the medical condition of the patient and any information disclosed to the health care practitioner by the patient in the course of the care and treatment of the patient.”^[233]

On April 28, 2006, a warrant was issued for his arrest on the charge of doctor shopping. According to Teri Barbera, spokeswoman for the sheriff, during his arrest, Limbaugh was booked, photographed, and fingerprinted, but not handcuffed. He was then released after about an hour on $3,000 bail.^[234]^[235]^[236] After his surrender, he filed a “not guilty” plea to the charge. Prosecutors explained that the charges were brought after they discovered he received about 2,000 painkillers, prescribed by four doctors in six months, at a pharmacy near his Palm Beach mansion. In 2009, after three years of prolonged discussion regarding a settlement, prosecutors agreed to drop the charge if Limbaugh paid $30,000 to defray the cost of the investigation, completed an 18-month therapy regimen with his physician, submitted to random drug testing, and gave up his right to own a firearm for eighteen months.^[237] Limbaugh agreed to the settlement, though he continued to maintain his innocence of doctor shopping and asserted that the state’s offer resulted from a lack of evidence supporting the charge.^[238]

Before his addiction became known, Limbaugh had condemned illegal drug use on his television program, stating that “Drug use, some might say, is destroying this country … And so if people are violating the law by doing drugs, they ought to be accused and they ought to be convicted and they ought to be sent up.”^[239]^[240]

Viagra incident

In June 2006, Limbaugh was detained by drug enforcement agents at Palm Beach International Airport. Customs officials confiscated Viagra from Limbaugh’s luggage as he was returning from the Dominican Republic. The prescription was not in Limbaugh’s name.^[241]After he was released with no charges filed, Limbaugh joked about the incident on his radio show, claiming that he got the Viagra at the Clinton Library and was told they were blue M&M’s. He also stated that “I had a great time in the Dominican Republic. Wish I could tell you about it.”^[241]

Health issues

Rush Limbaugh has described himself as being “100 percent, totally deaf.”^[242] In 2001, Limbaugh announced that he had lost most of his ability to hear: “I cannot hear television. I cannot hear music. I am, for all practical purposes, deaf – and it’s happened in three months.” He said that the condition was not genetic.^[243] He was diagnosed with autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) and medications failed to work. On December 19, 2001, doctors at the House Ear Clinic in Los Angeles were able to successfully restore a measure of his hearing through cochlear implant surgery. Limbaugh received a Clarion CII Bionic Ear.^[244]

When questioned whether Limbaugh’s sudden hearing loss was caused by his addiction to opioids, his cochlear implant doctor, otolaryngologist Jennifer Derebery, said that it was possible but that there is no way to know for sure without performing tests that would destroy Limbaugh’s hearing completely. “We don’t know why some people, but apparently not most, who take large doses may lose their hearing”.^[245]

In 2005, Limbaugh was forced to undergo “tuning” due to an “eye twitch,” an apparent side-effect of cochlear implants.^[246]

On April 8, 2014, on his radio program, Limbaugh announced his decision to ‘go bilateral.’ “I’m going to get an implant on the right side,” he said.^[247] After bilateral tuning, there was 100% improvement. “Coming from total deafness, it is miraculous! How can you not believe in God?” Limbaugh said in his national daily broadcast.^[248]

Limbaugh was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer on January 20, 2020, after first experiencing shortness of breath on January 12.^[249] He announced the diagnosis on air during his radio show on February 3; conceding that he would miss airtime to undergo treatment, he stated that he planned to continue the program “as normally and competently” as he could while undergoing treatment.^[250]

Bibliography

Limbaugh, Rush (1992). The Way Things Ought to Be. New York City: Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-75145-X.
Limbaugh, Rush (1993). See, I Told You So. New York City: Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-87120-X.
Limbaugh, Rush (2013). Rush Revere and the Brave Pilgrims. New York City: Threshold Editions. ISBN 1-476-75586-8.
Limbaugh, Rush (2014). Rush Revere and the First Patriots. New York City: Threshold Editions. ISBN 978-1-4767-5588-5.
Limbaugh, Rush (2014). Rush Revere and the American Revolution. New York City: Threshold Editions. ISBN 1-476-78987-8.
Limbaugh, Rush (2015). Rush Revere and the Star-Spangled Banner. New York City: Threshold Editions. ISBN 1-476-78988-6.
Limbaugh, Rush (2016). Rush Revere and the Presidency. New York City: Threshold Editions. ISBN 978-1501156892.

In 1992, Limbaugh published his first book, The Way Things Ought to Be, followed by See, I Told You So, the following year. Both titles were number one on the New York Times Best Seller list for 24 weeks.^[251] His first book was dictated by himself, and transcribed and edited by Wall Street Journal Journal writer John Fund.

In 2013, Limbaugh authored his first children’s book entitled, Rush Revere and the Brave Pilgrims: Time-Travel with Exceptional Americans. He received the Author of the Year Award from the Children’s Book Council for this work.^[252] Limbaugh’s second children’s book was released the following year, entitled, Rush Revere and the First Patriots: Time-Travel with Exceptional Americans. This book was nominated as an author-of-the year finalist for the annual Children’s and Teen Choice Book Awards.^[253] Limbaugh’s third children’s book was released later this same year, written with his wife, Kathryn, and entitled Rush Revere and the American Revolution. The Limbaugh’s dedicated this to the U.S. military and their families.^[254]

References…

Sources

Chafets, Ze’ev (2010). Rush Limbaugh: An Army of One. Sentinel. ISBN 978-1-59523-063-8.
Colford, Paul D. The Rush Limbaugh Story: Talent on Loan from God – An Unauthorized Biography. St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 978-0-312-95272-3.

External links

The Rush Limbaugh Show official site
Appearances on C-SPAN
Rush Limbaugh on IMDb
Works by or about Rush Limbaugh in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
The official site for Two if by Tea advertising the Adventures of Rush Revere

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh

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Release Dates in 2020
Release Dates in 2020
Estimate	2019 Q4 and Year 2019	2020 Q1	2020 Q2	2020 Q3

Gross Domestic Product
Advance Estimate	January 30, 2020	April 29, 2020	July 30, 2020	October 29, 2020
Second Estimate	February 27, 2020	May 28, 2020	August 27, 2020	November 25, 2020
Third Estimate	March 26, 2020	June 25, 2020	September 30, 2020	December 22, 2020

Corporate Profits
Preliminary Estimate	—	May 28, 2020	August 27, 2020	November 25, 2020
Revised Estimate	March 26, 2020	June 25, 2020	September 30, 2020	December 22, 2020

Bebe Rexha
Rexha performing in 2016
Background information
Birth name	Bleta Rexha
Born	August 30, 1989 (age 29) New York City, New York, U.S.
Genres	Pop, R&B, EDM
Occupation(s)	Singer songwriter
Years active	2010–present
Labels	Warner Bros. DCD2 Island Def Jam
Associated acts	G-Eazy Black Cards Lauren Christy Martin Garrix David Guetta
Website	beberexha.com

Year	Title	Role	Notes
2016	MTV Europe Music Awards^[68]	Host	Event presented by MTV Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers
2017	Bebe Rexha: The Ride^[69]	Herself	Documentary which explores the moments that changed Rexha’s life
2017	Pitch Battle^[70]	Guest Judge	Contest show which sees musical groups facing-off against each other, inspired by Pitch Perfect
2017	A Christmas Story Live!^[71]	Performer	A live musical television program inspired by the film of the same name and A Christmas Story: The Musical
2018	American Idol^[72]^[73]	Herself	Contestant mentor and celebrity duet singer
2019	The Voice	Herself/Coach	The Comeback Stage
2019	Celebrity Juice	Panelist	18th April 2019

hide v t e Bebe Rexha
Discography
Studio albums	Expectations
Extended plays	I Don’t Wanna Grow Up All Your Fault: Pt. 1 All Your Fault: Pt. 2
Singles	“I Can’t Stop Drinking About You“ “I’m Gonna Show You Crazy“ “Gone“ “Me, Myself & I“ “No Broken Hearts“ “In the Name of Love“ “I Got You“ “The Way I Are (Dance with Somebody)“ “Meant to Be“ “Home“ “Push Back“ “I’m a Mess“ “Say My Name“ “Last Hurrah“
Featured singles	“Take Me Home“ “Hey Mama“ “That’s How You Know“ “Battle Cry“ “Back to You“ “Girls“
Concert tours	All Your Fault Tour
Related articles	Black Cards

hide v t e Bebe Rexha
Discography
Studio albums	Expectations
Extended plays	I Don’t Wanna Grow Up All Your Fault: Pt. 1 All Your Fault: Pt. 2
Singles	“I Can’t Stop Drinking About You“ “I’m Gonna Show You Crazy“ “Gone“ “Me, Myself & I“ “No Broken Hearts“ “In the Name of Love“ “I Got You“ “The Way I Are (Dance with Somebody)“ “Meant to Be“ “Home“ “Push Back“ “I’m a Mess“ “Say My Name“ “Last Hurrah“
Featured singles	“Take Me Home“ “Hey Mama“ “That’s How You Know“ “Battle Cry“ “Back to You“ “Girls“
Concert tours	All Your Fault Tour
Related articles	Black Cards

Rush Limbaugh
Limbaugh in 2019
Born	Rush Hudson Limbaugh III January 12, 1951 (age 69) Cape Girardeau, Missouri, U.S.
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Southeast Missouri State University (did not graduate)
Occupation	Radio host, political commentator
Years active	1967–present
Net worth	US$500 million (2016)
Spouse(s)	Roxy Maxine McNeely (m. 1977; div. 1980) Michelle Sixta (m. 1983; div. 1990) Marta Fitzgerald (m. 1994; div. 2004) Kathryn Rogers (m. 2010)
Website	rushlimbaugh.com

Country Joe and the Fish
Country Joe and the Fish in 1967
Background information
Origin	Berkeley, California, United States
Genres	Psychedelic rock acid rock folk rock
Years active	1965–70, sporadically thereafter
Labels	Vanguard Fantasy
Website	well.com/~cjfish

Past members	Country Joe McDonald Barry “The Fish” Melton Gary “Chicken” Hirsh David Bennett Cohen Bruce Barthol David Getz Peter Albin John Francis Gunning Paul Armstrong Mark Ryan Gregory Leroy Dewey Mark Kapner Doug Metzler

	2018 report	2019 report
75-year actuarial deficit
As a percentage of taxable payroll	2.84%	2.78%
As a percentage of GDP	1.0%	1.0%
Income and outgo in year prior to report year (in billions)
Income
Total	$997	$1,003
Social Security contributions ^a	$874	$885
Income taxes on benefits	$38	$35
Interest	$85	$83
Outgo
Total	$952	$1,000
Benefit payments ^b	$946	$994
Administration	$6	$7
Net increase in assets	$44	$3
Trust fund reserves
Amount at beginning of report year (in billions)	$2,892	$2,895
Amount at beginning of report year (as a percentage of report year outgo)	288%	273%
Year of peak trust fund reserves ^c	2018	2019
Amount at end of peak year (in billions)	$2,890	$2,896
Year of trust fund depletion
OASDI	2034	2035
OASI	2034	2034
DI	2032	2052
Share of OASDI outgo covered by scheduled revenue in—
Year of trust fund depletion	79%	80%
End of 75-year reporting period	74%	75%
SOURCES: 2018 and 2019 Trustees Reports.
a. Includes a small amount of reimbursements from the General Fund of the Treasury due to the payroll contribution holiday.
b. Includes a small amount of payments to the Railroad Retirement Board.
c. Measured at end of year.

Appendix Table A: Uninsured Rate Among the Nonelderly by State, 2013-2017
	2013 Uninsured Rate	2016 Uninsured Rate	2017 Uninsured Rate	Change in Uninsured Rate 2013-2017	Change in Number of Uninsured 2013-2017	Change in Uninsured Rate 2016-2017	Change in Number of Uninsured 2016-2017
US Total	16.8%	10.0%	10.2%	-6.6%	-17,037,000	0.2%	684,800
Expansion States	15.1%	7.7%	7.6%	-7.4%	-12,070,200	0.0%	4,400
Alaska	20.5%	16.0%	15.5%	-4.9%	-32,900	-0.5%	-4,900
Arizona	20.4%	11.9%	12.0%	-8.4%	-435,600	0.1%	11,600
Arkansas	19.0%	9.5%	9.6%	-9.5%	-230,300	0.1%	2,400
California	19.4%	8.4%	8.2%	-11.2%	-3,619,900	-0.2%	-48,700
Colorado	15.8%	8.7%	8.6%	-7.2%	-306,600	-0.1%	-3,400
Connecticut	10.9%	5.7%	6.6%	-4.3%	-129,900	0.9%	25,600
Delaware	11.8%	6.8%	6.6%	-5.2%	-38,600	-0.1%	-1,000
District of Columbia	7.2%	4.5%	4.1%	-3.1%	-15,000	-0.4%	-1,900
Hawaii	8.2%	4.1%	4.5%	-3.7%	-41,800	0.4%	3,200
Illinois	14.5%	7.5%	7.9%	-6.6%	-739,500	0.4%	37,400
Indiana	16.3%	9.4%	9.8%	-6.5%	-358,700	0.4%	23,300
Iowa	10.3%	4.8%	5.2%	-5.1%	-129,900	0.4%	9,400
Kentucky	16.8%	6.0%	6.4%	-10.4%	-380,900	0.4%	14,700
Louisiana	19.2%	11.9%	9.7%	-9.6%	-375,800	-2.2%	-85,600
Maryland	11.5%	7.0%	7.1%	-4.4%	-220,500	0.1%	6,100
Massachusetts	4.4%	2.9%	3.2%	-1.2%	-63,200	0.3%	18,900
Michigan	12.9%	6.3%	6.1%	-6.9%	-571,800	-0.2%	-19,400
Minnesota	9.6%	4.9%	5.2%	-4.3%	-194,900	0.3%	15,000
Montana	19.9%	10.1%	11.0%	-8.9%	-72,700	0.8%	7,200
Nevada	23.5%	12.8%	12.9%	-10.6%	-235,000	0.1%	6,100
New Hampshire	12.8%	7.6%	6.8%	-6.0%	-66,400	-0.8%	-9,000
New Jersey	15.4%	8.9%	8.9%	-6.5%	-488,200	0.0%	-1,000
New Mexico	22.3%	10.7%	10.7%	-11.6%	-205,600	0.1%	1,500
New York	12.5%	7.0%	6.7%	-5.8%	-961,800	-0.3%	-58,600
North Dakota	12.0%	9.1%	8.7%	-3.3%	-17,500	-0.4%	-2,700
Ohio	12.9%	6.6%	6.9%	-6.0%	-579,800	0.3%	29,100
Oregon	17.5%	7.3%	8.1%	-9.4%	-296,500	0.8%	28,900
Pennsylvania	11.5%	7.0%	6.6%	-4.8%	-508,400	-0.3%	-35,400
Rhode Island	14.1%	5.0%	5.3%	-8.7%	-74,700	0.3%	2,900
Vermont	8.3%	4.4%	5.1%	-3.2%	-17,100	0.7%	3,300
Washington	16.2%	6.9%	7.1%	-9.2%	-519,300	0.2%	15,800
West Virginia	16.3%	6.0%	7.1%	-9.2%	-141,400	1.1%	13,600
Non-Expansion States	19.6%	13.8%	14.3%	-5.3%	-4,966,700	0.6%	680,400
Alabama	16.0%	10.9%	11.3%	-4.7%	-191,700	0.4%	16,200
Florida	24.4%	15.3%	15.9%	-8.5%	-1,179,400	0.6%	133,400
Georgia	21.2%	14.8%	15.4%	-5.9%	-466,400	0.6%	62,800
Idaho	18.6%	12.1%	12.6%	-6.0%	-73,400	0.6%	10,900
Kansas	14.3%	9.8%	10.0%	-4.3%	-106,200	0.2%	4,500
Maine	13.4%	9.7%	9.8%	-3.7%	-41,500	0.0%	-200
Mississippi	19.7%	13.8%	14.3%	-5.5%	-144,000	0.5%	9,200
Missouri	15.3%	10.6%	10.8%	-4.5%	-228,800	0.2%	6,100
Nebraska	12.4%	10.3%	10.0%	-2.4%	-35,300	-0.3%	-4,500
North Carolina	18.2%	12.3%	12.7%	-5.5%	-422,500	0.4%	38,500
Oklahoma	20.6%	16.1%	16.4%	-4.2%	-130,200	0.3%	7,000
South Carolina	18.6%	11.8%	13.4%	-5.1%	-186,600	1.6%	66,100
South Dakota	14.6%	9.8%	11.0%	-3.5%	-23,900	1.2%	8,200
Tennessee	16.3%	10.8%	11.1%	-5.2%	-267,700	0.3%	23,600
Texas	24.6%	18.7%	19.6%	-5.0%	-879,100	0.9%	275,300
Utah	14.8%	9.4%	10.0%	-4.7%	-106,300	0.6%	19,800
Virginia	14.2%	10.3%	10.2%	-3.9%	-266,700	0.0%	-400
Wisconsin	10.5%	6.1%	6.1%	-4.4%	-213,900	-0.1%	-3,600
Wyoming	14.7%	12.7%	14.5%	-0.1%	-3,100	1.8%	7,400
NOTES: Includes nonelderly individuals ages 0-64. Expansion status reflects the implementation of Medicaid expansion as of 2017. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of 2013, 2016, and 2017 American Community Survey (ACS), 1-Year Estimates.

Appendix Table B: Characteristics of the Nonelderly Uninsured, 2017
	Nonelderly (millions)	Percent of Nonelderly	Uninsured (millions)	Percent of Uninsured	Uninsured Rate
Total Nonelderly	267.5	100.0%	27.4	100.0%	10.2%
Age
Children – Total	76.1	28.5%	3.8	13.8%	5.0%
Nonelderly Adults – Total	191.4	71.5%	23.6	86.2%	12.3%
Adults 19 – 25	28.3	10.6%	4.2	15.4%	14.8%
Adults 26 – 34	39.1	14.6%	6.1	22.3%	15.6%
Adults 35 – 44	40.5	15.1%	5.5	20.2%	13.6%
Adults 45 – 54	41.8	15.6%	4.5	16.3%	10.7%
Adults 55 – 64	41.6	15.6%	3.3	12.0%	7.9%
Annual Family Income
<$20,000	31.8	11.9%	5.5	20.0%	17.2%
$20,000 – <$40,000	42.8	16.0%	7.4	27.0%	17.3%
$40,000+	192.9	72.1%	14.5	53.0%	7.5%
Family Poverty Level
<100%	30.4	11.4%	5.0	18.4%	16.6%
100% – <200%	45.3	16.9%	7.8	28.5%	17.2%
200% – <400%	81.9	30.6%	9.6	35.2%	11.7%
400%+	109.9	41.1%	4.9	18.0%	4.5%
Household Type
1 Parent with Children	19.0	7.1%	1.3	4.9%	7.1%
2 Parents with Children	84.2	31.5%	6.0	22.0%	7.2%
Multigenerational	18.7	7.0%	2.2	7.9%	11.6%
Adults Living Alone or with Other Adults	111.7	41.8%	13.2	48.3%	11.8%
Other	33.9	12.7%	4.6	16.9%	13.6%
Family Work Status
2+ Full-time	101.8	38.1%	8.6	31.5%	8.5%
1 Full-time	119.3	44.6%	12.4	45.3%	10.4%
Only Part-time	19.5	7.3%	2.8	10.4%	14.6%
Non-workers	26.9	10.1%	3.5	12.8%	13.0%
Race/Ethnicity
White	154.3	57.7%	11.3	41.3%	7.3%
Black	34.0	12.7%	3.8	13.8%	11.1%
Hispanic	53.5	20.0%	10.1	36.9%	18.9%
Asian/N. Hawaiian and Pacific Islander	15.9	5.9%	1.1	4.2%	7.2%
American Indian/Alaska Native	1.8	0.7%	0.4	1.5%	22.0%
Two or More Races	8.0	3.0%	0.6	2.3%	7.9%
Citizenship
U.S. Citizen – Native	230.6	86.2%	18.9	69.2%	8.2%
U.S. Citizen – Naturalized	16.7	6.2%	1.7	6.1%	10.0%
Non-U.S. Citizen, Residents for <5 Years	6.4	2.4%	1.7	6.4%	27.2%
Non-U.S. Citizen, Residents for 5+ Years	13.9	5.2%	5.0	18.3%	36.0%
NOTES: Includes nonelderly individuals ages 0-64. The U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty threshold for a family with two adults and one child was $19,730 in 2017. Parent includes any person with a dependent child. Multigenerational/other families with children include families with at least three generations in a household, plus families in which adults are caring for children other than their own. Part-time workers were defined as working <35 hours per week. Respondents who identify as mixed race who do not also identify as Hispanic fall intot he “Two or More Races” category. All individuals who identify as Hispanic ethnicity fall into the Hispanic category regardless of race. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of 2017 American Community Survey (ACS), 1-Year Estimates.

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez


Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York‘s 14th district
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2019
Preceded by	Joe Crowley
Personal details
Born	October 13, 1989 (age 29) New York City, New York, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Education	Boston University (BA)
Website	House website

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Joe Crowley	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York’s 14th congressional district 2019–present	Incumbent
Honorary titles
Preceded by Elise Stefanik	Baby of the House 2019–present	Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by Joe Neguse	United States Representatives by seniority 396th	Succeeded by Ilhan Omar

EV × States	States^*
55 × 1 = 55	California
38 × 1 = 38	Texas
29 × 2 = 58	Florida, New York
20 × 2 = 40	Illinois, Pennsylvania
18 × 1 = 18	Ohio
16 × 2 = 32	Georgia, Michigan
15 × 1 = 15	North Carolina
14 × 1 = 14	New Jersey
13 × 1 = 13	Virginia
12 × 1 = 12	Washington
11 × 4 = 44	Arizona, Indiana, Massachusetts, Tennessee
10 × 4 = 40	Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin
9 × 3 = 27	Alabama, Colorado, South Carolina
8 × 2 = 16	Kentucky, Louisiana
7 × 3 = 21	Connecticut, Oklahoma, Oregon
6 × 6 = 36	Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Mississippi, Nevada, Utah
5 × 3 = 15	Nebraska**, New Mexico, West Virginia
4 × 5 = 20	Hawaii, Idaho, Maine**, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
3 × 8 = 24	Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wyoming
= 538	Total electors

Election year		1788–1800			1804–1900																		1904–2000											2004–
Election year		’88	’92	’96 ’00	’04 ’08	’12	’16	’20	’24 ’28	’32	’36 ’40	’44	’48	’52 ’56	’60	’64	’68	’72	’76 ’80	’84 ’88	’92	’96 ’00	’04	’08	’12 ’16 ’20 ’24 ’28	’32 ’36 ’40	’44 ’48	’52 ’56	’60	’64 ’68	’72 ’76 ’80	’84 ’88	’92 ’96 ’00	’04 ’08	’12 ’16 ’20
#	Total	81	135	138	176	218	221	235	261	288	294	275	290	296	303	234	294	366	369	401	444	447	476	483	531				537	538
	State
22	Alabama							3	5	7	7	9	9	9	9	0	8	10	10	10	11	11	11	11	12	11	11	11	11	10	9	9	9	9	9
49	Alaska																												3	3	3	3	3	3	3
48	Arizona																								3	3	4	4	4	5	6	7	8	10	11
25	Arkansas										3	3	3	4	4	0	5	6	6	7	8	8	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	6	6	6	6	6	6
31	California													4	4	5	5	6	6	8	9	9	10	10	13	22	25	32	32	40	45	47	54	55	55
38	Colorado																		3	3	4	4	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	8	8	9	9
5	Connecticut	7	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	7	7
–	D.C.																													3	3	3	3	3	3
1	Delaware	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
27	Florida												3	3	3	0	3	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	6	7	8	10	10	14	17	21	25	27	29
4	Georgia	5	4	4	6	8	8	8	9	11	11	10	10	10	10	0	9	11	11	12	13	13	13	13	14	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	15	16
50	Hawaii																												3	4	4	4	4	4	4
43	Idaho																				3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
21	Illinois							3	3	5	5	9	9	11	11	16	16	21	21	22	24	24	27	27	29	29	28	27	27	26	26	24	22	21	20
19	Indiana						3	3	5	9	9	12	12	13	13	13	13	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	14	13	13	13	13	13	12	12	11	11
29	Iowa												4	4	4	8	8	11	11	13	13	13	13	13	13	11	10	10	10	9	8	8	7	7	6
34	Kansas															3	3	5	5	9	10	10	10	10	10	9	8	8	8	7	7	7	6	6	6
15	Kentucky		4	4	8	12	12	12	14	15	15	12	12	12	12	11	11	12	12	13	13	13	13	13	13	11	11	10	10	9	9	9	8	8	8
18	Louisiana					3	3	3	5	5	5	6	6	6	6	0	7	8	8	8	8	8	9	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	9	9	8
23	Maine							9	9	10	10	9	9	8	8	7	7	7	7	6	6	6	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	4	4	4	4	4	4
7	Maryland	8	10	10	11	11	11	11	11	10	10	8	8	8	8	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	9	9	10	10	10	10	10	10
6	Massachusetts	10	16	16	19	22	22	15	15	14	14	12	12	13	13	12	12	13	13	14	15	15	16	16	18	17	16	16	16	14	14	13	12	12	11
26	Michigan										3	5	5	6	6	8	8	11	11	13	14	14	14	14	15	19	19	20	20	21	21	20	18	17	16
32	Minnesota														4	4	4	5	5	7	9	9	11	11	12	11	11	11	11	10	10	10	10	10	10
20	Mississippi							3	3	4	4	6	6	7	7	0	0	8	8	9	9	9	10	10	10	9	9	8	8	7	7	7	7	6	6
24	Missouri							3	3	4	4	7	7	9	9	11	11	15	15	16	17	17	18	18	18	15	15	13	13	12	12	11	11	11	10
41	Montana																				3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	3	3
37	Nebraska																3	3	3	5	8	8	8	8	8	7	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5
36	Nevada															3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	5	6
9	New Hampshire	5	6	6	7	8	8	8	8	7	7	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
3	New Jersey	6	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	7	7	7	7	7	7	9	9	9	10	10	12	12	14	16	16	16	16	17	17	16	15	15	14
47	New Mexico																								3	3	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5
11	New York	8	12	12	19	29	29	29	36	42	42	36	36	35	35	33	33	35	35	36	36	36	39	39	45	47	47	45	45	43	41	36	33	31	29
12	North Carolina		12	12	14	15	15	15	15	15	15	11	11	10	10	0	9	10	10	11	11	11	12	12	12	13	14	14	14	13	13	13	14	15	15
39	North Dakota																				3	3	4	4	5	4	4	4	4	4	3	3	3	3	3
17	Ohio				3	8	8	8	16	21	21	23	23	23	23	21	21	22	22	23	23	23	23	23	24	26	25	25	25	26	25	23	21	20	18
46	Oklahoma																							7	10	11	10	8	8	8	8	8	8	7	7
33	Oregon														3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	7	7
2	Pennsylvania	10	15	15	20	25	25	25	28	30	30	26	26	27	27	26	26	29	29	30	32	32	34	34	38	36	35	32	32	29	27	25	23	21	20
13	Rhode Island		4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
8	South Carolina	7	8	8	10	11	11	11	11	11	11	9	9	8	8	0	6	7	7	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	9
40	South Dakota																				4	4	4	4	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	3	3	3
16	Tennessee			3	5	8	8	8	11	15	15	13	13	12	12	0	10	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	11	12	11	11	11	10	11	11	11	11
28	Texas												4	4	4	0	0	8	8	13	15	15	18	18	20	23	23	24	24	25	26	29	32	34	38
45	Utah																					3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	6
14	Vermont		4	4	6	8	8	8	7	7	7	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
10	Virginia	12	21	21	24	25	25	25	24	23	23	17	17	15	15	0	0	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	12	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	13
42	Washington																				4	4	5	5	7	8	8	9	9	9	9	10	11	11	12
35	West Virginia															5	5	5	5	6	6	6	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	7	6	6	5	5	5
30	Wisconsin												4	5	5	8	8	10	10	11	12	12	13	13	13	12	12	12	12	12	11	11	11	10	10
44	Wyoming																				3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
#	Total	81	135	138	176	218	221	235	261	288	294	275	290	296	303	234	294	366	369	401	444	447	476	483	531				537	538

Year	AL	CT	DE	GA	IL	IN	KY	LA	ME	MD	MA	MS	MO	NH	NJ	NY	NC	OH	PA	RI	SC	TN	VT	VA
1789	–	L	D	L	–	–	–	–	–	A	H	–	–	H	L	–	–	–	A	–	L	–	–	D
1792	–	L	L	L	–	–	D	–	–	A	H	–	–	H	L	L	L	–	A	L	L	–	L	D
1796	–	L	L	A	–	–	D	–	–	D	H	–	–	H	L	L	D	–	A	L	L	H	L	D
1800	–	L	L	L	–	–	D	–	–	D	L	–	–	L	L	L	D	–	L	A	L	H	L	A
1804	–	L	L	L	–	–	D	–	–	D	D	–	–	A	A	L	D	A	A	A	L	D	L	A
1808	–	L	L	L	–	–	D	–	–	D	L	–	–	A	A	L	D	A	A	A	L	D	L	A
1812	–	L	L	L	–	–	D	L	–	D	D	–	–	A	L	L	L	A	A	A	L	D	L	A
1816	–	L	L	L	–	L	D	L	–	D	L	–	–	A	A	L	A	A	A	A	L	D	L	A
1820	L	A	L	L	D	L	D	L	D	D	D	A	L	A	A	L	A	A	A	A	L	D	L	A
1824	A	A	L	L	D	A	D	L	D	D	A	A	D	A	A	L	A	A	A	A	L	D	L	A
1828	A	A	L	A	A	A	A	A	D	D	A	A	A	A	A	D	A	A	A	A	L	D	A	A
1832	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	D	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	L	A	A	A
Year	AL	CT	DE	GA	IL	IN	KY	LA	ME	MD	MA	MS	MO	NH	NJ	NY	NC	OH	PA	RI	SC	TN	VT	VA

Conservatism in the United States
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Status as of March 2019: Each square in the cartogram represents one electoral vote. Enacted – 181 EVs / 33.6% of Electoral College Legislation pending – 158 EVs / 29.4% of EC Neither enacted nor pending – 199 EVs / 37.0% of EC^[1] — Threshold for coming into force – 270 EVs / 50%+ of EC
Drafted	February 2006
Effective	Not in effect
Condition	Adoption by states (including the District of Columbia) whose collective electoral votes represent a majority in the Electoral College. Note: The agreement would be in effect only among the assenting political entities.
Signatories	Maryland New Jersey Illinois Hawaii Washington Massachusetts District of Columbia Vermont California Rhode Island New York Connecticut Colorado
Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote at Wikisource

Election	EC winner		Popular winner		Others	Turnout^[5]
1824	Adams	30.9%	Jackson	41.4%	27.7%	26.9%
1876	Hayes	47.9%	Tilden	50.9%	1.2%	81.8%
1888	Harrison	47.8%	Cleveland	48.6%	3.7%	79.3%
2000	Bush	47.9%	Gore	48.4%	3.7%	51.2%
2016	Trump	46.1%	Clinton	48.2%	5.7%	55.7%

No.	Jurisdiction	Date adopted	Method of adoption	Current Electoral votes (EV)
1	Maryland	Apr 10, 2007	Signed by Gov. Martin O’Malley^[68]	10
2	New Jersey	Jan 13, 2008	Signed by Gov. Jon Corzine^[69]	14
3	Illinois	Apr 7, 2008	Signed by Gov. Rod Blagojevich^[64]	20
4	Hawaii	May 1, 2008	Legislature overrode veto of Gov. Linda Lingle^[70]	4
5	Washington	Apr 28, 2009	Signed by Gov. Christine Gregoire^[71]	12
6	Massachusetts	Aug 4, 2010	Signed by Gov. Deval Patrick^[72]	11
7	D.C.	Dec 7, 2010	Signed by Mayor Adrian Fenty^[73]^{[note 2]}	3
8	Vermont	Apr 22, 2011	Signed by Gov. Peter Shumlin^[74]	3
9	California	Aug 8, 2011	Signed by Gov. Jerry Brown^[75]	55
10	Rhode Island	Jul 12, 2013	Signed by Gov. Lincoln Chafee^[76]	4
11	New York	Apr 15, 2014	Signed by Gov. Andrew Cuomo^[77]	29
12	Connecticut	May 24, 2018	Signed by Gov. Dannel Malloy^[78]	7
13	Colorado	March 15, 2019	Signed by Gov. Jared Polis^[79]	9
Total				181
Percentage of the 270 EVs needed				67.0%

State	EVs	Session	Bill	Lower house	Upper house	Executive	Status
Arizona	11	2019	HB 2414^[89]	Introduced	—	—	Pending
Colorado	9	2019	SB 19-042^[90]	Passed 34–29	Passed 19–16	Signed	Law
Delaware	3	2019	SB 22^[91]	Passed 24–17	Passed 14–7	Pending	Pending
Florida	29	2019	SB 1048^[92]	—	In committee	—	Pending
Florida	29	2019	HB 949^[93]	In committee	—	—	Pending
Georgia	16	2019–20	SB 42^[94]	—	In committee	—	Pending
Idaho	4	2019	H 47^[95]	In committee	—	—	Pending
Indiana	11	2019	SB 212^[96]	—	In committee	—	Pending
Kansas	6	2019–20	SB 115^[97]	—	In committee	—	Pending
Maine	4	2019–20	LD 418^[98]	Died in committee	Died in committee	—	Pending
Maine	4	2019–20	LD 816^[99]	Passed committee	Passed committee	—	Pending
Minnesota	10	2019–20	SF 34^[100]	—	In committee	—	Pending
			SF 189^[101]	—	In committee
			HF 1941^[102]	In committee	—
			HF 2117^[103]	In committee	—
Mississippi	6	2019	HB 450^[104]	Died in committee	—	—	Failed
Nevada	6	2019	AB 186^[105]	Passed committee	—	—	Pending
New Hampshire	4	2019–20	HB 541^[106]	In committee	—	—	Pending
New Mexico	5	2019	HB 55^[107]	Passed 41–27	Passed 25-16	Pending	Pending
North Carolina	15	2019–20	SB 104^[108]	—	In committee	—	Pending
Ohio	18	2019–20	HB 70^[109]	In committee	—	—	Pending
Oregon	7	2019	HB 2704^[110]	In committee	—	—	Pending
			HB 2578^[111]	In committee	—
			SB 870^[112]	—	In committee
South Carolina	9	2019–20	H 3209^[113]	In committee	—	—	Pending
Virginia	13	2019	HB 2422^[114]	Died in committee	—	—	Failed

State	EVs	Session	Bill	Lower house	Upper house	Executive	Outcome
Arizona	11	2016	HB 2456^[115]	Passed 40–16	Died in committee	—	Failed
Arkansas	6	2007	HB 1703^[116]	Passed 52–41	Died in committee	—	Failed
Arkansas	6	2009	HB 1339^[117]	Passed 56–43	Died in committee	—	Failed
California	55	2005–06	AB 2948^[61]	Passed 48–30	Passed 23–14	Vetoed	Failed
		2007–08	SB 37^[36]	Passed 45–30	Passed 21–16	Vetoed	Failed
		2011–12	AB 459^[75]	Passed 52–15	Passed 23–15	Signed	Law
Colorado	9	2006	SB 06-223^[118]	Indefinitely postponed	Passed 20–15	—	Failed
		2007	SB 07-046^[63]	Indefinitely postponed	Passed 19–15	—	Failed
		2009	HB 1299^[119]	Passed 34–29	Not voted	—	Failed
Connecticut	7	2009	HB 6437^[120]	Passed 76–69	Not voted	—	Failed
Connecticut	7	2018	HB 5421^[121]	Passed 77–73	Passed 21–14	Signed	Law
District of Columbia	3	2009–10	B18-0769^[122]	Passed 11–0		Signed	Law
Delaware	3	2009–10	HB 198^[123]	Passed 23–11	Not voted	—	Failed
Delaware	3	2011–12	HB 55^[124]	Passed 21–19	Died in committee	—	Failed
Hawaii	4	2007	SB 1956^[67]	Passed 35–12	Passed 19–4	Vetoed	Failed
		2007	SB 1956^[67]	Override not voted	Overrode 20–5	Vetoed	Failed
		2008	HB 3013^[125]	Passed 36–9	Died in committee	—	Failed
			SB 2898^[70]	Passed 39–8	Passed 20–4	Vetoed	Law
			SB 2898^[70]	Overrode 36–3	Overrode 20–4	Vetoed	Law
Illinois	21	2007–08	HB 858^[126]	Passed 65–50	Died in committee	—	Failed
Illinois	21	2007–08	HB 1685^[64]	Passed 64–50	Passed 37–22	Signed	Law
Louisiana	8	2012	HB 1095^[127]	Failed 29–64	—	—	Failed
Maine	4	2007–08	LD 1744^[128]	Indefinitely postponed	Passed 18–17	—	Failed
		2013–14	LD 511^[129]	Failed 60–85	Failed 17–17	—	Failed
		2017–18	LD 156^[130]	Failed 66–73	Failed 14–21	—	Failed
Maryland	10	2007	HB 148^[131]	Passed 85–54	Passed 29–17	Signed	Law
Maryland	10	2007	SB 634^[132]	Passed 84–54	Passed 29–17	Signed	Law
Massachusetts	12	2007–08	H 4952^[133]	Passed 116–37	Passed	—^[134]	Failed
		2007–08	H 4952^[133]	Enacted	Enactment not voted	—^[134]	Failed
		2009–10	H 4156^[135]	Passed 114–35	Passed 28–10	Signed	Law
		2009–10	H 4156^[135]	Enacted 116–34	Enacted 28–9	Signed	Law
Michigan	17	2007–08	HB 6610^[136]	Passed 65–36	Died in committee	—	Failed
Minnesota	10	2013–14	HF 799^[137]	Failed 62–71	—	—	Failed
Montana	3	2007	SB 290^[138]	—	Failed 20–30	—	Failed
Nevada	5	2009	AB 413^[139]	Passed 27–14	Died in committee	—	Failed
New Hampshire	4	2017–18	HB 447^[140]	Failed 132–234	—	—	Failed
New Jersey	15	2006–07	A 4225^[65]	Passed 43–32	Passed 22–13	Signed	Law
New Mexico	5	2009	HB 383^[141]	Passed 41–27	Died in committee	—	Failed
New Mexico	5	2017	SB 42^[142]	Died in committee	Passed 26–16	—	Failed
New York	31	2009–10	S02286^[143]	Not voted	Passed	—	Failed
	29	2011–12	S04208^[144]	Not voted	Passed	—	Failed
		2013–14	A04422^[145]	Passed 100–40	Died in committee	—	Failed
		2013–14	S03149^[146]	Passed 102–33	Passed 57–4	Signed	Law
North Carolina	15	2007–08	S954^[66]	Died in committee	Passed 30–18	—	Failed
North Dakota	3	2007	HB 1336^[147]	Failed 31–60	—	—	Failed
Oklahoma	7	2013–14	SB 906^[148]	Died in committee	Passed 28–18	—	Failed
Oregon	7	2009	HB 2588^[149]	Passed 39–19	Died in committee	—	Failed
		2013	HB 3077^[150]	Passed 38–21	Died in committee	—	Failed
		2015	HB 3475^[151]	Passed 37–21	Died in committee	—	Failed
		2017	HB 2927^[152]	Passed 34–23	Died in committee	—	Failed
Rhode Island	4	2008	H 7707^[153]^[154]	Passed 36–34	Passed	Vetoed	Failed
		2008	S 2112^[153]^[155]	Passed 34–28	Passed	Vetoed	Failed
		2009	H 5569^[156]^[157]	Failed 28–45	—	—	Failed
		2009	S 161^[156]	Died in committee	Passed	—	Failed
		2011	S 164^[158]	Died in committee	Passed	—	Failed
		2013	H 5575^[159]^[160]	Passed 41–31	Passed 32–5	Signed	Law
		2013	S 346^[159]^[161]	Passed 48–21	Passed 32–4	Signed	Law
Vermont	3	2007–08	S 270^[162]	Passed	Passed 22–6	Vetoed	Failed
		2009–10	S 34^[163]	Died in committee	Passed 15–10	—	Failed
		2011–12	S 31^[164]	Passed 85–44	Passed 20–10	Signed	Law
Washington	11	2007–08	SB 5628^[165]	Died in committee	Passed 30–18	—	Failed
Washington	11	2009–10	SB 5599^[166]	Passed 52–42	Passed 28–21	Signed	Law

Donald Trump	Mike Pence
2016 Republican Party ticket
for President	for Vice President

Chairman of The Trump Organization (1971–2017)	50th Governor of Indiana (2013–2017)
Campaign

^[41]^[42]^[43]

John Kasich	Ted Cruz	Marco Rubio	Ben Carson	Jeb Bush	Jim Gilmore	Carly Fiorina	Chris Christie
Candidates in this section are sorted by reverse date of withdrawal from the primaries

69th Governor of Ohio (2011–2019)	U.S. Senator from Texas (2013–present)	U.S. Senator from Florida (2011–present)	Dir. of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital (1984–2013)	43rd Governor of Florida (1999–2007)	68th Governor of Virginia (1998–2002)	CEO of Hewlett-Packard (1999–2005)	55th Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
W: May 4 4,287,479 votes	W: May 3 7,811,110 votes	W: Mar 15 3,514,124 votes	W: Mar 4 857,009 votes	W: Feb 20 286,634 votes	W: Feb 12 18,364 votes	W: Feb 10 40,577 votes	W: Feb 10 57,634 votes
^[44]	^[45]^[46]^[47]	^[48]^[49]^[50]	^[51]^[52]^[53]	^[54]^[55]	^[56]^[57]	^[58]^[59]	^[60]^[61]
Rand Paul	Rick Santorum	Mike Huckabee	George Pataki	Lindsey Graham	Bobby Jindal	Scott Walker	Rick Perry

U.S. Senator from Kentucky (2011–present)	U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (1995–2007)	44th Governor of Arkansas (1996–2007)	53rd Governor of New York (1995–2006)	U.S. Senator from South Carolina (2003–present)	55th Governor of Louisiana (2008–2016)	45th Governor of Wisconsin (2011–2019)	47th Governor of Texas (2000–2015)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
W: Feb 3 66,781 votes	W: Feb 3 16,622 votes	W: Feb 1 51,436 votes	W: December 29, 2015 2,036 votes	W: December 21, 2015 5,666 votes	W: November 17, 2015 222 votes	W: September 21, 2015 1 write-in vote in New Hampshire	W: September 11, 2015 1 write-in vote in New Hampshire
^[62]^[63]^[64]	^[65]^[66]	^[67]^[68]	^[69]	^[70]^[71]	^[72]^[73]	^[74]^[75]^[76]	^[76]^[77]^[78]

Hillary Clinton	Tim Kaine
2016 Democratic Party ticket
for President	for Vice President

67th U.S. Secretary of State (2009–2013)	U.S. Senator from Virginia (2013–present)
Campaign

^[111]^[112]^[113]

Bernie Sanders	Martin O’Malley	Lawrence Lessig	Lincoln Chafee	Jim Webb
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries

U.S. Senator from Vermont (2007–present)	61st Governor of Maryland (2007–2015)	Harvard Law professor (2009–2016)	74th Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015)	U.S. Senator from Virginia (2007–2013)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
LN: July 26, 2016 13,167,848 votes	W: February 1, 2016 110,423 votes	W: November 2, 2015 4 write-in votes in New Hampshire	W: October 23, 2015 0 votes	W: October 20, 2015 2 write-in votes in New Hampshire
^[114]	^[115]^[116]	^[101]	^[117]	^[118]

Gary Johnson	Bill Weld
2016 Libertarian Party ticket
for President	for Vice President

29th Governor of New Mexico (1995–2003)	68th Governor of Massachusetts (1991–1997)
Campaign

^[123]^[124]

Bernie Sander

Story 1: Bearded Rush Limbaugh Announces His Advanced Lung Cancer Diagnosis — Videos

Rush Limbaugh announces he has ‘advanced lung cancer’ EIB Network

Rush Limbaugh announces he has ‘advanced lung cancer’

Rush Shares His Cancer Diagnosis

Conservative radio show host Rush Limbaugh, 69, stuns his listeners by announcing he has advanced lung cancer

How The Rush Limbaugh Show became the voice for conservative politics

WHAT IS LUNG CANCER?

Rush Limbaugh shares his cancer diagnosis with listeners, telling them: ‘We are a family’

Rush Limbaugh

Contents

Early life

Career

1971–1988: Early radio career

1988–1990s: WABC New York City and syndication

2000s

2010s

The Rush Limbaugh Show

Television show

Other media appearances

Influence and legacy

Views

Abortion

Minorities

Capital punishment

Sexual consent

Drug policy

Environmental issues

Feminism

Middle East

Trade

Barack Obama

Donald Trump

Alleging false flag attacks

Controversies and claims of inaccuracy

Michael J. Fox

Phony soldiers

Sandra Fluke

Charitable work

Leukemia and lymphoma telethon

Marine Corps–Law Enforcement Foundation

Tunnel to Towers Foundation

Personal life

Prescription drug addiction

Viagra incident

Health issues

Bibliography

References…

Further reading

External links

Story 2: Radical Extremist Democrat Socialist (REDS) Bernie Sanders Surges Ahead in Iowa — Videos

As Bernie Sanders Surges Ahead of Iowa Caucus, DNC Under Fire For Changing Rules to Help Bloomberg

Bernie Sanders Leads Iowa Polls 2 Days Before Iowa Caucuses | MSNBC

Bloomberg wants an ‘establishment freak-out’ after Sanders gains early lead, strategist says

Des Moines Register cancels Iowa poll as Bernie Sanders surges | Mike Gallagher Show

Ryan Grim: Trump is very worried about Bernie Sanders

CAMPAIGN 2020: Battle of the Billionaires – Tom Steyer attacks Bloomberg and the DNC establishment

How the 2020 presidential candidates’ Q4 fundraising numbers shape up

Story 3:President Trump’s Legal Team Senate Impeachment Trial Closing Arguments — Vindicate The Right To Vote, Vindicate The Constitution and Vindicate The Rule of Law By Rejecting These Articles of Impeachment — Videos

Trump Lawyers, House Managers Wrap Closing Arguments in Trump Impeachment Trial

‘He will not change. And you know it’: Adam Schiff pleads for Republicans to remove Donald Trump as closing arguments end in impeachment trial – but defense attorney Ken Starr says prosecution just wants to make the 2016 election ‘null and void’

The Pronk Pops Show Podcasts Portfolio

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1386-1390

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1379-1785

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1372-1378

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1363-1371

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1352-1362

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1343-1351

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1335-1342

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1326-1334

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1318-1325

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1310-1317

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1300-1309

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1291-1299

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1282-1290

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1276-1281

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1267-1275

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1266

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1256-1265

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1246-1255

Jill Stein	Ajamu Baraka
2016 Green Party ticket
for President	for Vice President

Physician from Lexington, Massachusetts	Activist from Washington, DC
Campaign

^[130]^[131]

Evan McMullin	Mindy Finn
2016 Independent ticket
for President	for Vice President

Chief policy director for the House Republican Conference(2015–2016)	President of Empowered Women (2015–present)
Campaign

^[140]

Darrell Castle	Scott Bradley
2016 Constitution Party ticket
for President	for Vice President

Attorney from Memphis, Tennessee	Businessman from Utah
Campaign

^[147]

Party	Presidential nominee	Vice presidential nominee	Attainable Electors (write-in)	Popular Vote	States with ballot access (write-in)
American Delta Party Reform Party	Rocky De La Fuente Businessman from California	Michael Steinberg Lawyer from Florida	147 (305) map	33,133 (0.02%)	Alaska, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming^[142]^[148]^[149]^[150]^[151]^[152]^[153] (Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)^[133]^[134]^[135]^[137]^[143]^[145]^[154]^[155]^[156]^[157]^[158]^[159]^[146]^[160]^[161]
Party for Socialism and Liberation Peace and Freedom^[162] Liberty Union Party^[163]	Gloria La Riva Newspaper printer and activist from California	Eugene Puryear Activist from Washington, DC	112 (226) map	74,402 (0.05%)	California, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington^[164]^[165] (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia)^[134]^[135]^[137]^[145]^[154]^[155]^[159]^[161]^[166]
Socialist Workers Party	Alyson Kennedy Mineworker and Labor Leader from Illinois	Osborne Hart of Pennsylvania	70 (123) map	12,465 (0.01%)	Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, Washington^[164] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]
Workers World Party	Monica Moorehead perennial candidate and political activist from Alabama^[167]	Lamont Lilly of North Carolina^[168]	30 (235) map	4,319 (0.00%)	New Jersey, Utah, Wisconsin^[164] (Alabama, Indiana, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New, York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia)^[135]^[137]^[154]^[156]^[160]^[161]^[169]^[170]^[171]^[172]^[173]^[174]
Socialist Party USA Natural Law Party^[175]	Mimi Soltysik former National Co-Chair of the Socialist Party USA from California^[176] Campaign	Angela Nicole Walker of Wisconsin	25 (209) map	2,704 (0.00%)	Colorado, Michigan, Guam^[164]^[165]^[177] (Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin)^[137]^[145]^[154]^[156]^[159]^[160]^[166]^[172]^[174]^[178]^[179]
Prohibition Party	James Hedges former Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania^[180]^[181]	Bill Bayes of Mississippi^[180]	21 (116) map	5,617 (0.00%)	Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi^[164] (Alabama, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)^[135]^[145]^[154]^[159]^[161]^[169]^[172]
Independent	Mike Smith Lawyer, Colorado	Daniel White	20 (222)	9,345 (0.01%)	Colorado, Tennessee^[164] (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington. West Virginia)^[134]^[135]^[143]^[145]^[146]^[154]^[155]^[159]^[160]^[161]^[166]^[169]^[172]^[173]^[178]^[182]^[183]
Independent	Richard Duncan Real Estate Agent from Ohio	Ricky Johnson Preacher from Pennsylvania	18 (173)	24,307 (0.02%)	Ohio^[184] (Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)^[145]^[154]^[155]^[156]^[158]^[159]^[161]^[165]^[166]^[169]^[172]^[182]^[183]
Independent	Laurence Kotlikoff Economics Professor at Boston University, Massachusetts	Edward E. Leamer Economics Professor at UCLA, California	17 (428) map	3,596 (0.00%)	Colorado, Louisiana^[164] (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)^[133]^[134]^[136]^[138]^[143]^[145]^[146]^[154]^[156]^[159]^[160]^[161]^[165]^[166]^[169]^[170]^[171]^[172]^[173]^[174]^[178]^[179]^[182]^[183]^[185]^[186]^[187]^[188]
America’s Party	Tom Hoefling activist from Iowa^[189]	Steve Schulin of South Carolina	17 (369) map	4,845 (0.00%)	Colorado, Louisiana^[164]^[190] (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)^[134]^[135]^[136]^[137]^[143]^[144]^[145]^[146]^[154]^[155]^[156]^[158]^[159]^[160]^[161]^[166]^[169]^[171]^[172]^[173]^[174]^[178]^[179]^[182]^[183]^[186]^[188]
Veterans Party of America	Chris Keniston reliability engineer from Texas^[191]	Deacon Taylor of Nevada^[192]	17 (196) map	7,248 (0.01%)	Colorado, Louisiana^[164] (Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin)^[137]^[146]^[154]^[158]^[159]^[160]^[166]^[169]^[173]^[179]^[182]^[183]
Legal Marijuana Now Party	Dan Vacek of Minnesota	Mark Elworth Jr. of Nebraska	16 (77)	13,537 (0.01%)	Iowa, Minnesota^[164] (Alabama, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]
Independent	Lynn Kahn Doctor of Clinical Psychology from Maryland	Kathleen Monahan of Florida	12 (160)	5,730 (0.00%)	Arkansas, Iowa^[151]^[164] (Alabama, Delaware, Idaho, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia)^[135]^[137]^[145]^[154]^[155]^[158]^[159]^[160]^[161]^[166]^[169]^[172]
American Solidarity Party	Mike Maturen sales professional and magician from Michigan	Juan Muñoz of Texas	9 (332) map	6,714 (0.00%)	Colorado^[193] (Alabama, Alaska, California, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin)^[133]^[135]^[137]^[138]^[144]^[145]^[146]^[154]^[158]^[159]^[160]^[166]^[169]^[171]^[173]^[174]^[179]^[182]^[183]
Independent	Joseph Allen Maldonado of Oklahoma	Douglas K. Terranova	9 (212)	961 (0.00%)	Colorado^[193] (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)^[134]^[143]^[145]^[154]^[155]^[156]^[158]^[159]^[160]^[161]^[166]^[172]^[173]^[179]^[182]^[183]^[186]
Independent	Ryan Alan Scott	Bruce Kendall Barnard	9 (108)	749 (0.00%)	Colorado^[193] (Alabama, Delaware, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[137]^[154]^[155]^[159]
American Party (South Carolina)	Peter Skewes Animal Science Professor at Clemson University, South Carolina	Michael Lacy	9 (83)	3,246 (0.00%)	South Carolina^[194] (Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[134]^[154]^[159]
Approval Voting Party	Frank Atwood of Colorado	Blake Huber of Colorado	9 (76)	337 (0.00%)	Colorado^[193] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]
Independent American Party	Kyle Kenley Kopitke of Michigan	Narthan R. Sorenson	9 (76)	1,096 (0.00%)	Colorado^[193] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]
Nutrition Party	Rod Silva restaurateur from New Jersey^[195]^[196]	Richard Silva	9 (76)	751 (0.00%)	Colorado^[193] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]
United States Pacifist Party	Bradford Lyttle peace activist from Illinois	Hannah Walsh	9 (76)	382 (0.00%)	Colorado^[193] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]
Socialist Equality Party	Jerry White peace activist from Michigan	Niles Niemuth journalist from Wisconsin	8 (166)	481 (0.00%)	Louisiana^[197] (Alabama, California, Delaware, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)^[133]^[145]^[154]^[155]^[159]^[161]^[166]^[183]
Independent	Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro of California	Milton Fambro of California	8 (75)	749 (0.00%)	Louisiana^[197] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]
Independent American Party	Rocky Giordani from California	Farley Anderson activist from Utah	6 (79)	2,752 (0.00%)	Utah^[178] (Alabama, Iowa, Kansas, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[135]^[154]^[159]
Constitution Party of Idaho	Scott Copeland of Texas	J.R. Meyers	4 (71)	2,356 (0.00%)	Idaho^[198] (Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)^[154]^[159]

Presidential ticket	Party	Ballot access			Votes^[263]^[264]	Percentage
Presidential ticket	Party	States	Electors	% of voters	Votes^[263]^[264]	Percentage
Trump / Pence	Republican	50 + DC	538	100%	62,984,828	46.09%
Clinton / Kaine	Democratic	50 + DC	538	100%	65,853,514	48.18%
Johnson / Weld	Libertarian	50 + DC	538	100%	4,489,341	3.28%
Stein / Baraka	Green	44 + DC	480	89%	1,457,218	1.07%
McMullin / Finn	Independent	11	84	15%	731,991	0.54%
Castle / Bradley	Constitution	24	207	39%	203,090	0.15%

Candidate	Campaign committee (as of December 9)				Outside groups (as of December 9)			Total spent
Candidate	Money raised	Money spent	Cash on hand	Debt	Money raised	Money spent	Cash on hand	Total spent
Hillary Clinton^[274]^[275]	$497,808,791	$435,367,811	$62,440,979	$111,238	$205,909,959	$204,267,754	$1,642,205	$639,635,565
Donald Trump^[276]^[277]	$247,541,449	$231,546,996	$15,994,454	$2,086,572	$74,905,285	$70,941,922	$3,963,363	$302,488,918
Gary Johnson^[278]^[279]	$11,410,313	$10,308,873	$1,101,440	$0	$1,386,554	$1,310,578	$75,976	$11,619,451
Rocky De La Fuente^[280]	$7,351,270	$7,354,663	-$3,392	$0	$0	$0	$0	$7,354,663
Jill Stein^[281]^[282]	$3,509,477	$3,451,174	$58,303	$87,740	$0	$0	$0	$3,451,174
Evan McMullin^[283]	$1,644,102	$1,642,165	$1,937	$0	$0	$0	$0	$1,642,165
Darrell Castle^[284]	$52,234	$51,365	$869	$2,500	$0	$0	$0	$51,365
Gloria La Riva^[285]	$29,243	$24,207	$5,034	$0	$0	$0	$0	$24,207
Monica Moorehead^[286]	$11,547	$9,127	$2,419	$4,500	$0	$0	$0	$9,127
Peter Skewes^[287]	$7,966	$4,238	$7,454	$8,000	$0	$0	$0	$4,238

No.	Date	Time	Host	City	Moderator(s)	Participants	Viewership(Millions)
P1	September 26, 2016	9 p.m. EDT	Hofstra University	Hempstead, New York	Lester Holt	Mr. Donald Trump Secretary Hillary Clinton	84.0^[363]
VP	October 4, 2016	9 p.m. EDT	Longwood University	Farmville, Virginia	Elaine Quijano	Governor Mike Pence Senator Tim Kaine	37.0^[363]
P2	October 9, 2016	8 p.m. CDT	Washington University in St. Louis	St. Louis, Missouri	Anderson Cooper Martha Raddatz	Mr. Donald Trump Secretary Hillary Clinton	66.5^[363]
P3	October 19, 2016	6 p.m. PDT	University of Nevada, Las Vegas	Las Vegas, Nevada	Chris Wallace	Mr. Donald Trump Secretary Hillary Clinton	71.6^[363]

Presidential candidate	Party	Home state	Popular vote		Electoral vote	Running mate
Presidential candidate	Party	Home state	Count	Percentage	Electoral vote	Vice-presidential candidate	Home state	Electoral vote
Donald Trump	Republican	New York	62,984,828	46.09%	304 (306)	Mike Pence	Indiana	304
Hillary Clinton	Democratic	New York	65,853,514	48.18%	227 (232)	Tim Kaine	Virginia	227
Gary Johnson	Libertarian	New Mexico	4,489,341	3.28%	0	Bill Weld	Massachusetts	0
Jill Stein	Green	Massachusetts	1,457,218	1.07%	0	Ajamu Baraka	Illinois	0
Evan McMullin	Independent	Utah	731,991	0.54%	0	Mindy Finn	District of Columbia	0
Darrell Castle	Constitution	Tennessee	203,090	0.15%	0	Scott Bradley	Utah	0
Bernie Sanders^[c]	Independent	Vermont	111,850^[d]	0.08%^[d]	1 (0)	Elizabeth Warren^[c]	Massachusetts	1
Gloria La Riva	Socialism and Liberation	California	74,401	0.05%	0	Eugene Puryear	District of Columbia	0
John Kasich^[c]^[e]	Republican	Ohio	2,684^[d]	0.00%^[d]	1 (0)	Carly Fiorina^[c]^[e]	Virginia	1
Ron Paul^[c]^[e]	Libertarian	Texas	124^[d]	0.00%^[d]	1 (0)	Mike Pence	Indiana	1
Colin Powell^[c]	Republican	Virginia	25^[d]	0.00%^[d]	3 (0)	Elizabeth Warren^[c]	Massachusetts	1
						Maria Cantwell^[c]	Washington	1
						Susan Collins^[c]	Maine	1
Faith Spotted Eagle^[c]	Democratic	South Dakota	0	0.00%	1 (0)	Winona LaDuke^[c]	Minnesota	1
Other			760,210	0.56%	—	Other		—
Total			136,669,276	100%	538			538
Needed to win					270			270

		Hillary Clinton Democratic			Donald Trump Republican			Gary Johnson Libertarian			Jill Stein Green			Evan McMullin Independent			Others			Margin		Total
State or district	Electoral method	#	%	Electoral votes	#	%	Electoral votes	#	%	Electoral votes	#	%	Electoral votes	#	%	Electoral votes	#	%	Electoral votes	#	%	#	State	Source(s)
Alabama	WTA	729,547	34.36%	–	1,318,255	62.08%	9	44,467	2.09%	–	9,391	0.44%	–	–	–	–	21,712	1.02%	–	588,708	27.73%	2,123,372	AL	^[392]
Alaska	WTA	116,454	36.55%	–	163,387	51.28%	3	18,725	5.88%	–	5,735	1.80%	–	–	–	–	14,307	4.49%	–	46,933	14.73%	318,608	AK	^[393]
Arizona	WTA	1,161,167	45.13%	–	1,252,401	48.67%	11	106,327	4.13%	–	34,345	1.33%	–	17,449	0.68%	–	1,476	0.06%	–	91,234	3.55%	2,573,165	AZ	^[394]
Arkansas	WTA	380,494	33.65%	–	684,872	60.57%	6	29,829	2.64%	–	9,473	0.84%	–	13,255	1.17%	–	12,712	1.12%	–	304,378	26.92%	1,130,635	AR	^[395]
California	WTA	8,753,788	61.73%	55	4,483,810	31.62%	–	478,500	3.37%	–	278,657	1.96%	–	39,596	0.28%	–	147,244	1.04%	–	−4,269,978	−30.11%	14,181,595	CA	^[396]
Colorado	WTA	1,338,870	48.16%	9	1,202,484	43.25%	–	144,121	5.18%	–	38,437	1.38%	–	28,917	1.04%	–	27,418	0.99%	–	−136,386	−4.91%	2,780,247	CO	^[397]
Connecticut	WTA	897,572	54.57%	7	673,215	40.93%	–	48,676	2.96%	–	22,841	1.39%	–	2,108	0.13%	–	508	0.03%	–	−224,357	−13.64%	1,644,920	CT	^[398]
Delaware	WTA	235,603	53.09%	3	185,127	41.72%	–	14,757	3.32%	–	6,103	1.37%	–	706	0.16%	–	1,518	0.34%	–	−50,476	−11.37%	443,814	DE	^[399]^[400]
District of Columbia	WTA	282,830	90.48%	3	12,723	4.07%	–	4,906	1.57%	–	4,258	1.36%	–	–	–	–	6,551	2.52%	–	−270,107	−86.78%	311,268	DC	^[401]
Florida	WTA	4,504,975	47.82%	–	4,617,886	49.02%	29	207,043	2.20%	–	64,399	0.68%	–	–	–	–	25,736	0.28%	–	112,911	1.20%	9,420,039	FL	^[402]
Georgia	WTA	1,877,963	45.64%	–	2,089,104	50.77%	16	125,306	3.05%	–	7,674	0.19%	–	13,017	0.32%	–	1,668	0.04%	–	211,141	5.13%	4,114,732	GA	^[403]^[404]
Hawaii	WTA	266,891	62.22%	3	128,847	30.03%	–	15,954	3.72%	–	12,737	2.97%	–	–	–	–	4,508	1.05%	1	−138,044	−32.18%	428,937	HI	^[405]
Idaho	WTA	189,765	27.49%	–	409,055	59.26%	4	28,331	4.10%	–	8,496	1.23%	–	46,476	6.73%	–	8,132	1.18%	–	219,290	31.77%	690,255	ID	^[406]
Illinois	WTA	3,090,729	55.83%	20	2,146,015	38.76%	–	209,596	3.79%	–	76,802	1.39%	–	11,655	0.21%	–	1,627	0.03%	–	−944,714	−17.06%	5,536,424	IL	^[407]
Indiana	WTA	1,033,126	37.91%	–	1,557,286	56.82%	11	133,993	4.89%	–	7,841	0.27%	–	–	–	–	2,712	0.10%	–	524,160	19.17%	2,734,958	IN	^[408]
Iowa	WTA	653,669	41.74%	–	800,983	51.15%	6	59,186	3.78%	–	11,479	0.73%	–	12,366	0.79%	–	28,348	1.81%	–	147,314	9.41%	1,566,031	IA	^[409]
Kansas	WTA	427,005	36.05%	–	671,018	56.65%	6	55,406	4.68%	–	23,506	1.98%	–	6,520	0.55%	–	947	0.08%	–	244,013	20.60%	1,184,402	KS	^[410]
Kentucky	WTA	628,854	32.68%	–	1,202,971	62.52%	8	53,752	2.79%	–	13,913	0.72%	–	22,780	1.18%	–	1,879	0.10%	–	574,177	29.84%	1,924,149	KY	^[411]
Louisiana	WTA	780,154	38.45%	–	1,178,638	58.09%	8	37,978	1.87%	–	14,031	0.69%	–	8,547	0.42%	–	9,684	0.48%	–	398,484	19.64%	2,029,032	LA	^[412]
Maine (at-lg)	WTA^[a]	357,735	47.83%	2	335,593	44.87%	–	38,105	5.09%	–	14,251	1.91%	–	1,887	0.25%	–	356	0.05%	–	−22,142	−2.96%	747,927	ME–a/l	^[413]^[414]
Maine, 1st	CD^[a]	212,774	53.96%	1	154,384	39.15%	–	18,592	4.71%	–	7,563	1.92%	–	807	0.20%	–	209	0.05%	–	−58,390	−14.81%	394,329	ME-1	^[413]^[414]
Maine, 2nd	CD^[a]	144,817	40.98%	–	181,177	51.26%	1	19,510	5.52%	–	6,685	1.89%	–	1,080	0.31%	–	147	0.04%	–	36,360	10.29%	353,416	ME-2	^[413]^[414]
Maryland	WTA	1,677,928	60.33%	10	943,169	33.91%	–	79,605	2.86%	–	35,945	1.29%	–	9,630	0.35%	–	35,169	1.26%	–	−734,759	−26.42%	2,781,446	MD	^[415]
Massachusetts	WTA	1,995,196	60.01%	11	1,090,893	32.81%	–	138,018	4.15%	–	47,661	1.43%	–	2,719	0.08%	–	50,559	1.52%	–	−904,303	−27.20%	3,325,046	MA	^[416]
Michigan	WTA	2,268,839	47.27%	–	2,279,543	47.50%	16	172,136	3.59%	–	51,463	1.07%	–	8,177	0.17%	–	19,126	0.40%	–	10,704	0.23%	4,799,284	MI	^[417]
Minnesota	WTA	1,367,716	46.44%	10	1,322,951	44.92%	–	112,972	3.84%	–	36,985	1.26%	–	53,076	1.80%	–	51,113	1.74%	–	−44,765	−1.52%	2,944,813	MN	^[418]
Mississippi	WTA	485,131	40.11%	–	700,714	57.94%	6	14,435	1.19%	–	3,731	0.31%	–	–	–	–	5,346	0.44%	–	215,583	17.83%	1,209,357	MS	^[419]
Missouri	WTA	1,071,068	38.14%	–	1,594,511	56.77%	10	97,359	3.47%	–	25,419	0.91%	–	7,071	0.25%	–	13,177	0.47%	–	523,443	18.64%	2,808,605	MO	^[420]
Montana	WTA	177,709	35.75%	–	279,240	56.17%	3	28,037	5.64%	–	7,970	1.60%	–	2,297	0.46%	–	1,894	0.38%	–	101,531	20.42%	497,147	MT	^[421]^[422]
Nebraska (at-lg)	WTA	284,494	33.70%	–	495,961	58.75%	2	38,946	4.61%	–	8,775	1.04%	–	–	–	–	16,051	1.90%	–	211,467	25.05%	844,227	NE–a/l	^[423]
Nebraska, 1st	CD	100,126	35.46%	–	158,626	56.18%	1	14,031	4.97%	–	3,374	1.19%	–	–	–	–	6,181	2.19%	–	58,500	20.72%	282,338	NE-1
Nebraska, 2nd	CD	131,030	44.92%	–	137,564	47.16%	1	13,245	4.54%	–	3,347	1.15%	–	–	–	–	6,494	2.23%	–	6,534	2.24%	291,680	NE-2
Nebraska, 3rd	CD	53,290	19.73%	–	199,657	73.92%	1	11,657	4.32%	–	2,054	0.76%	–	–	–	–	3,451	1.28%	–	146,367	54.19%	270,109	NE-3
Nevada	WTA	539,260	47.92%	6	512,058	45.50%	–	37,384	3.32%	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	36,683	3.26%	–	−27,202	−2.42%	1,125,385	NV	^[424]
New Hampshire	WTA	348,526	46.98%	4	345,790	46.61%	–	30,777	4.15%	–	6,496	0.88%	–	1,064	0.14%	–	11,643	1.24%	–	−2,736	−0.37%	744,296	NH	^[425]
New Jersey	WTA	2,148,278	54.99%	14	1,601,933	41.00%	–	72,477	1.86%	–	37,772	0.97%	–	–	–	–	13,586	1.18%	–	−546,345	−14.10%	3,874,046	NJ	^[426]
New Mexico	WTA	385,234	48.26%	5	319,667	40.04%	–	74,541	9.34%	–	9,879	1.24%	–	5,825	0.73%	–	3,173	0.40%	–	−65,567	−8.21%	798,319	NM	^[427]
New York	WTA	4,556,124	59.01%	29	2,819,534	36.52%	–	176,598	2.29%	–	107,934	1.40%	–	10,373	0.13%	–	50,890	0.66%	–	−1,736,590	−22.49%	7,721,453	NY	^[428]
North Carolina	WTA	2,189,316	46.17%	–	2,362,631	49.83%	15	130,126	2.74%	–	12,105	0.26%	–	–	–	–	47,386	1.00%	–	173,315	3.66%	4,741,564	NC	^[429]
North Dakota	WTA	93,758	27.23%	–	216,794	62.96%	3	21,434	6.22%	–	3,780	1.10%	–	–	–	–	8,594	2.49%	–	123,036	35.73%	344,360	ND	^[430]
Ohio	WTA	2,394,164	43.56%	–	2,841,005	51.69%	18	174,498	3.17%	–	46,271	0.84%	–	12,574	0.23%	–	27,975	0.51%	–	446,841	8.13%	5,496,487	OH	^[431]
Oklahoma	WTA	420,375	28.93%	–	949,136	65.32%	7	83,481	5.75%	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	N/A	N/A	–	528,761	37.08%	1,452,992	OK	^[432]
Oregon	WTA	1,002,106	50.07%	7	782,403	39.09%	–	94,231	4.71%	–	50,002	2.50%	–	–	–	–	72,594	3.63%	–	−219,703	−10.98%	2,001,336	OR	^[433]
Pennsylvania	WTA	2,926,441	47.46%	–	2,970,733	48.18%	20	146,715	2.38%	–	49,941	0.81%	–	6,472	0.11%	–	65,176	1.06%	–	44,292	0.72%	6,165,478	PA	^[434]
Rhode Island	WTA	252,525	54.41%	4	180,543	38.90%	–	14,746	3.18%	–	6,220	1.34%	–	516	0.11%	–	9,594	2.07%	–	−71,982	−15.51%	464,144	RI	^[435]
South Carolina	WTA	855,373	40.67%	–	1,155,389	54.94%	9	49,204	2.34%	–	13,034	0.62%	–	21,016	1.00%	–	9,011	0.43%	–	300,016	14.27%	2,103,027	SC	^[436]
South Dakota	WTA	117,458	31.74%	–	227,721	61.53%	3	20,850	5.63%	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4,064	1.10%	–	110,263	29.79%	370,093	SD	^[437]
Tennessee	WTA	870,695	34.72%	–	1,522,925	60.72%	11	70,397	2.81%	–	15,993	0.64%	–	11,991	0.48%	–	16,026	0.64%	–	652,230	26.01%	2,508,027	TN	^[438]
Texas	WTA	3,877,868	43.24%	–	4,685,047	52.23%	36	283,492	3.16%	–	71,558	0.80%	–	42,366	0.47%	–	8,895	0.10%	2	807,179	8.99%	8,969,226	TX	^[439]
Utah	WTA	310,676	27.46%	–	515,231	45.54%	6	39,608	3.50%	–	9,438	0.83%	–	243,690	21.54%	–	12,787	1.13%	–	204,555	18.08%	1,131,430	UT	^[440]
Vermont	WTA	178,573	56.68%	3	95,369	30.27%	–	10,078	3.20%	–	6,758	2.14%	–	639	0.20%	–	23,650	7.51%	–	−83,204	−26.41%	315,067	VT	^[441]
Virginia	WTA	1,981,473	49.73%	13	1,769,443	44.41%	–	118,274	2.97%	–	27,638	0.69%	–	54,054	1.36%	–	33,749	0.85%	–	−212,030	−5.32%	3,984,631	VA	^[442]
Washington	WTA	1,742,718	52.54%	8	1,221,747	36.83%	–	160,879	4.85%	–	58,417	1.76%	–	–	–	–	133,258	4.02%	4	−520,971	−15.71%	3,317,019	WA	^[443]
West Virginia	WTA	188,794	26.43%	–	489,371	68.50%	5	23,004	3.22%	–	8,075	1.13%	–	1,104	0.15%	–	4,075	0.57%	–	300,577	42.07%	714,423	WV	^[444]
Wisconsin	WTA	1,382,536	46.45%	–	1,405,284	47.22%	10	106,674	3.58%	–	31,072	1.04%	–	11,855	0.40%	–	38,729	1.30%	–	22,748	0.77%	2,976,150	WI	^[445]
Wyoming	WTA	55,973	21.63%	–	174,419	67.40%	3	13,287	5.13%	–	2,515	0.97%	–	–	–	–	9,655	3.73%	–	118,446	46.30%	255,849	WY	^[446]
U.S. Total	–	65,853,514	48.18%	227	62,984,828	46.09%	304	4,489,341	3.28%	–	1,457,218	1.07%	–	731,991	0.54%	–	1,154,084	0.84%	7	−2,868,686	−2.10%	136,669,276	US

State	Presidential vote	Vice presidential vote	Name of Elector	References
Nationwide	Donald Trump, 304	Mike Pence, 305	Pledged
Nationwide	Hillary Clinton, 227	Tim Kaine, 227	Pledged
Hawaii	Bernie Sanders (I-VT)	Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)	David Mulinix	^[452]
Texas	John Kasich (R-OH)	Carly Fiorina (R-VA)	Christopher Suprun	^[453]^[454]
Texas	Ron Paul (L-TX / R-TX)	Mike Pence (as pledged)	Bill Greene	^[453]^[455]
Washington	Colin Powell (R-VA)^[459]	Maria Cantwell (D-WA)	Levi Guerra	^[460]^[461]
		Susan Collins (R-ME)	Esther John	^[107]^[460]
		Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)	Bret Chiafalo	^[107]^[460]
	Faith Spotted Eagle (D-SD)^[462]	Winona LaDuke (G-MN)	Robert Satiacum, Jr.	^[107]^[460]^[463]