Richard Cantillon (French: [kɑ̃tijɔ̃]; 1680s – May 1734) was an Irish-French economist and author of Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général (Essay on the Nature of Trade in General), a book considered by William Stanley Jevons to be the “cradle of political economy“.^[4] Although little information exists on Cantillon’s life, it is known that he became a successful banker and merchant at an early age. His success was largely derived from the political and business connections he made through his family and through an early employer, James Brydges. During the late 1710s and early 1720s, Cantillon speculated in, and later helped fund, John Law‘s Mississippi Company, from which he acquired great wealth. However, his success came at a cost to his debtors, who pursued him with lawsuits, criminal charges, and even murder plots until his death in 1734.

Essai remains Cantillon’s only surviving contribution to economics. It was written around 1730 and circulated widely in manuscript form, but was not published until 1755. His work was translated into Spanish by Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, probably in the late 1770s, and considered essential reading for political economy. Despite having much influence on the early development of the physiocrat and classical schools of thought, Essai was largely forgotten until its rediscovery by Jevons in the late 19th century.^[5] Cantillon was influenced by his experiences as a banker, and especially by the speculative bubble of John Law’s Mississippi Company. He was also heavily influenced by prior economists, especially William Petty.

Essai is considered the first complete treatise on economics, with numerous contributions to the science. These contributions include: his cause and effect methodology, monetary theories, his conception of the entrepreneur as a risk-bearer, and the development of spatial economics. Cantillon’s Essai had significant influence on the early development of political economy, including the works of Adam Smith, Anne Turgot, Jean-Baptiste Say, Frédéric Bastiat and François Quesnay.^[6]

Biography

While details regarding Richard Cantillon’s life are scarce,^[7] it is thought that he was born sometime during the 1680s in County Kerry, Ireland.^[1]^[6] He was son to land-owner Richard Cantillon of Ballyheigue.^[8] Sometime in the middle of the first decade of the 18th century Cantillon moved to France, where he attained French citizenship.^[9] By 1711, Cantillon found himself in the employment of British Paymaster General James Brydges, in Spain, where he organised payments to British prisoners of war during the War of Spanish Succession.^[10] Cantillon remained in Spain until 1714, cultivating a number of business and political connections, before returning to Paris.^[11] Cantillon then became involved in the banking industry working for a cousin, who at that time was lead-correspondent of the Parisian branch of a family bank.^[12] Two years later, thanks in large part to financial backing by James Brydges, Cantillon bought his cousin out and attained ownership of the bank.^[13] Given the financial and political connections Cantillon was able to attain both through his family^[14] and through James Brydges, Cantillon proved a fairly successful banker, specialising in money transfers between Paris and London.^[15]

At this time, Cantillon became involved with British mercantilist John Law through the Mississippi Company.^[16] Based on the monetary theory proposed by William Potter in his 1650 tract The Key of Wealth,^[17] John Law posited that increases in the money supply would lead to the employment of unused land and labour, leading to higher productivity.^[18] In 1716, the French government granted him both permission to found the Banque Générale and virtual monopoly over the right to develop French territories in North America, named the Mississippi Company. In return, Law promised the French government to finance its debt at low rates of interest.^[19] Law began a financial speculative bubble by selling shares of the Mississippi Company, using the Banque Générale’s virtual monopoly on the issue of bank notes to finance his investors.^[20]

Richard Cantillon amassed a great fortune from his speculation, buying Mississippi Company shares early and selling them at inflated prices.^[21] Cantillon’s financial success and growing influence caused friction in his relationship with John Law, and sometime thereafter Law threatened to imprison Cantillon if the latter did not leave France within twenty-four hours.^[22] Cantillon replied: “I shall not go away; but I will make your system succeed.”^[22] To that end, in 1718 Law, Cantillon, and wealthy speculator Joseph Gage formed a private company centred on financing further speculation in North American real estate.^[23]

In 1719, Cantillon left Paris for Amsterdam, returning briefly in early 1720. Lending in Paris, Cantillon had outlying debt repaid to him in London and Amsterdam.^[24] With the collapse of the “Mississippi bubble”, Cantillon was able to collect on debt accruing high rates of interest.^[25] Most of his debtors had suffered financial damage in the bubble collapse and blamed Cantillon—until his death, Cantillon was involved in countless lawsuits filed by his debtors, leading to a number of murder plots and criminal accusations.^[26]

On 16 February 1722, Cantillon married Mary Mahony, daughter of Count Daniel O’Mahony [fr]—a wealthy merchant and former Irish general—spending much of the remainder of the 1720s travelling throughout Europe with his wife.^[27] Cantillon and Mary had two children, a son who died at an early age and a daughter, Henrietta,^[28] wife successively of the 3rd Earl of Stafford and the 1st Earl of Farnham. Although he frequently returned to Paris between 1729 and 1733, his permanent residence was in London.^[29] In May 1734, his residence in London was burned to the ground, and it is generally assumed that Cantillon died in the fire.^[2] While the fire’s causes are unclear, the most widely accepted theory is that Cantillon was murdered.^[30] One of Cantillon’s biographers, Antoine Murphy, has advanced the alternative theory that Cantillon staged his own death to escape the harassment of his debtors, appearing in Suriname under the name Chevalier de Louvigny.^[31]

Contributions to economics

Although there is evidence that Richard Cantillon wrote a wide variety of manuscripts, only his Essai Sur La Nature Du Commerce En Général (abbreviated Essai) survives.^[6]^[32] Written in 1730,^[33] it was published in French in 1755,^[34] and was translated into English by Henry Higgs in 1932.^[35] Evidence suggests that Essai had tremendous influence on the early development of economic science. However, Cantillon’s treatise was largely neglected during the 19th century.^[5] In the late 19th century and it was “rediscovered” by William Stanley Jevons, who considered it the “cradle of political economy”.^[4] Since then, Cantillon’s Essai has received growing attention. Essai is considered the first complete treatise on economic theory,^[36] and Cantillon has been called the “father of enterprise economics”.^[6]^[37]

William Petty is considered to be one of Richard Cantillon’s greatest influences.^[38]

One of the greatest influences on Cantillon’s writing was English economist William Petty and his 1662 tract Treatise on Taxes.^[39] Although Petty provided much of the groundwork for Cantillon’s Essai,^[38] Anthony Brewer argues that Petty’s influence has been overstated.^[40] Apart from Petty, other possible influences on Cantillon include John Locke,^[41] Cicero, Livy, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Charles Davenant, Edmond Halley, Isaac Newton, Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, and Jean Boisard.^[3] Cantillon’s involvement in John Law’s speculative bubble proved invaluable and likely heavily influenced his insight on the relationship between increases in the supply of money, price, and production.^[42]

Methodology

Cantillon’s Essai is written using a distinctive causal methodology, separating Cantillon from his mercantilist predecessors.^[6]^[43] Essai is peppered with the word “natural”, which in the case of Cantillon’s treatise is meant to imply a cause and effect relationship between economic actions and phenomena.^[44] Economist Murray Rothbard credits Cantillon with being one of the first theorists to isolate economic phenomena with simple models, where otherwise uncontrollable variables can be fixed.^[45] Cantillon made frequent use of the concept of ceteris paribus throughout Essai in an attempt to neutralise independent variables.^[46] Furthermore, he is credited with employing a methodology similar to Carl Menger‘s methodological individualism,^[47] by deducing complex phenomena from simple observations.^[48]

A cause and effect methodology led to a relatively value-free approach to economic science, in which Cantillon was uninterested in the merit of any particular economic action or phenomenon, focusing rather on the explanation of relationships.^[49] This led Cantillon to separate economic science from politics and ethics to a greater degree than previous mercantilist writers.^[45] This has led to disputes on whether Cantillon can justly be considered a mercantilist or one of the first anti-mercantilists,^[50] given that Cantillon often cited government-manipulated trade surpluses and specie accumulation as positive economic stimuli.^[51] Others argue that in instances where Cantillon is thought to have supported certain mercantilist policies, he actually provided a more neutral analysis by explicitly stating possible limitations of mercantilist policies.^[52]

Monetary theory

Differences between prior mercantilists and Cantillon arise early in Essai, regarding the origins of wealth and price formation on the market.^[53] Cantillon distinguishes between wealth and money, considering wealth in itself “nothing but the food, conveniences, and pleasures of life.”^[54] While Cantillon advocated an “intrinsic” theory of value, based on the input of land and labour (cost of production),^[55] he is considered to have touched upon a subjective theory of value.^[56] Cantillon held that market prices are not immediately decided by intrinsic value, but are derived from supply and demand.^[57] He considered market prices to be derived by comparing supply, the quantity of a particular good in a particular market, to demand, the quantity of money brought to be exchanged.^[58] Believing market prices to tend towards the intrinsic value of a good, Cantillon may have also originated the uniformity-of-profit principle—changes in the market price of a good may lead to changes in supply, reflecting a rise or fall in profit.^[59]

Rendition of Cantillon’s primitive circular flow model^[60]

In Essai, Cantillon provided an advanced version of John Locke’s quantity theory of money, focusing on relative inflation and the velocity of money.^[61] Cantillon suggested that inflation occurs gradually and that the new supply of money has a localised effect on inflation, effectively originating the concept of non-neutral money.^[62] Furthermore, he posited that the original recipients of new money enjoy higher standards of living at the expense of later recipients.^[63] The concept of relative inflation, or a disproportionate rise in prices among different goods in an economy, is now known as the Cantillon Effect.^[64] Cantillon also considered changes in the velocity of money (quantity of exchanges made within a specific amount of time) influential on prices, although not to the same degree as changes in the quantity of money.^[65] While he believed that the money supply consisted only of specie, he conceded that increases in money substitutes—or bank notes—could affect prices by effectively increasing the velocity of circulating of deposited specie.^[66] Apart from distinguishing money from money substitute, he also distinguished between bank notes offered as receipts for specie deposits and bank notes circulating beyond the quantity of specie—or fiduciary media—suggesting that the volume of fiduciary media is strictly limited by people’s confidence in its redeemability.^[67] He considered fiduciary media a useful tool to abate the downward pressure that hoarding of specie has on the velocity of money.^[68]

Addressing the mercantilist belief that monetary intervention could cause a perpetually favourable balance of trade, Cantillon developed a specie-flow mechanism foreshadowing future international monetary equilibrium theories.^[69] He suggested that in countries with a high quantity of money in circulation, prices will increase and therefore become less competitive in relation to countries where there is a relative scarcity of money.^[70] Thus, Cantillon also held that increases in the supply of money, regardless of the source, cause increases in the price level and therefore reduce the competitiveness of a particular nation’s industry in relation to a nation with lower prices.^[71] However, Cantillon did not believe that international markets tended toward equilibrium, and instead suggested that government hoard specie to avoid rising prices and falling competitiveness.^[69] Furthermore, he suggested that a favourable balance of trade can be maintained by offering a better product and retaining qualitative competitiveness.^[72] Cantillon’s preference towards a favourable balance of trade possibly stemmed from the mercantilist belief in exchange being a zero-sum game, in which one party gains at the expense of another.^[73]

A relatively advanced theory of interest is also presented.^[74] Cantillon believed that interest originates from the need of borrowers for capital and from the fear of loss of the lenders, meaning that borrowers have to recompense lenders for the risk of the possible insolvency of the debtor.^[75] In turn, interest is paid out of earned profits originating from the return on invested capital.^[76] While previously it was believed that the rate of interest varied inversely to the quantity of money, Cantillon posited that the rate of interest was determined by the supply and demand on the loanable funds market^[77]—an insight usually attributed to Scottish philosopher David Hume.^[78] As such, while saved money impacts the rate of interest, new money that is instead used for consumption does not; Cantillon’s theory of interest is therefore similar to John Maynard Keynes‘s liquidity preference theory.^[79]

Other contributions[edit]

Traditionally, it is Jean-Baptiste Say who is credited for coining the word and advancing the concept of the entrepreneur, but in fact it was Cantillon who first introduced the term in Essai.^[6]^[80] Cantillon divided society into two principal classes—fixed income wage-earners and non-fixed income earners.^[81] Entrepreneurs, according to Cantillon, are non-fixed income earners who pay known costs of production but earn uncertain incomes,^[82] due to the speculative nature of pandering to an unknown demand for their product.^[83] Cantillon, while providing the foundations, did not develop a dedicated theory of uncertainty—the topic was not revisited until the 20th century, by Ludwig von Mises, Frank Knight, and John Maynard Keynes, among others.^[84] Furthermore, unlike later theories of entrepreneurship which saw the entrepreneur as a disruptive force, Cantillon anticipated the belief that the entrepreneur brought equilibrium to a market by correctly predicting consumer preferences.^[85]

Spatial economics deal with distance and area, and how these may affect a market through transportation costs and geographical limitations. The development of spatial economics is usually ascribed to German economist Johann Heinrich von Thünen; however, Cantillon addressed spatial economics nearly a century earlier.^[86] Cantillon integrated his advancements in spatial economic theory into his microeconomic analysis of the market, describing how transportation costs influence the location of factories, markets and population centres—that is, individuals strive to lower transportation costs.^[87] Conclusions on spatial economics were derived from three premises: cost of raw materials of equal quality will always be higher near the capital city, due to transportation costs; transportation costs vary on transportation type (for example, water transportation was considered cheaper than land-based transportation); and larger goods that are more difficult to transport will always be cheaper closer to their area of production.^[88] For example, Cantillon believed markets were designed as they were to decrease costs to both merchants and villagers in terms of time and transportation.^[89] Similarly, Cantillon posited that the locations of cities were the result in large part of the wealth of inhabiting property owners and their ability to afford transportation costs—wealthier property owners tended to live farther from their property, because they could afford the transportation costs.^[90] In Essai, spatial economic theory was used to derive why markets occupied the geographical area they did and why costs varied across different markets.^[91]

Cover of the Ludwig von Mises Institute’s edition of Cantillon’s Essai

Apart from originating theories on the entrepreneur and spatial economics, Cantillon also provided a dedicated theory on population growth. Unlike William Petty, who believed there always existed a considerable amount of unused land and economic opportunity to support economic growth, Cantillon theorised that population grows only as long as there are economic opportunities present.^[92] Specifically, Cantillon cited three determining variables for population size: natural resources, technology, and culture.^[93] Therefore, populations grow only as far as the three aforementioned variables allowed.^[94] Furthermore, Cantillon’s population theory was more modern than that of Malthus in the sense that Cantillon recognised a much broader category of factors which affect population growth, including the tendency for population growth to fall to zero as a society becomes more industrialised.^[95]

Influence

While Essai was not published until 1755 as a result of heavy censorship in France, it did widely circulate in the form of an unpublished manuscript between its completion and its publication.^[96] It notably influenced many direct forerunners of the classical school of thought, including Turgot and other physiocrats.^[97] Cantillon was a major influence on physiocrat François Quesnay, who may have learned of Cantillon’s work through Marquis of Mirabeau.^[98] While it is evident that Essai influenced Quesnay, to what degree remains controversial. There is evidence that Quesnay did not fully understand, or was not completely aware of, Cantillon’s theories.^[99] Many of Quesnay’s economic beliefs were elucidated previously in Essai,^[100] but Quesnay did reject a number of Cantillon’s premises, including the scarcity of land and Cantillon’s population theory.^[101] Also, Quesnay recognised the scarcity of capital and capital accumulation as a prerequisite for investment.^[99] Nevertheless, Cantillon was considered the “father of physiocracy” by Henry Higgs, due to his influence on Quesnay.^[102] It is also possible that Cantillon influenced Scottish economist James Steuart, both directly and indirectly.^[103]

Cantillon is one of the few economists cited by Adam Smith, who directly borrows Cantillon’s subsistence theory of wages.^[6]^[104] Large sections of Smith’s economic theory were possibly directly influenced by Cantillon, although in many respects Adam Smith advanced well beyond the scope of Cantillon.^[105] Some economic historians have argued that Adam Smith provided little of value from his own intellect, notably Schumpeter^[6]^[106] and Rothbard.^[107] In any case, through his influence on Adam Smith and the physiocrats, Cantillon was quite possibly the pre-classical economist who contributed most to the ideas of the classical school.^[108] Illustrative of this was Cantillon’s influence on Jean-Baptiste Say, which is noticeable in the methodology employed in the latter’s Treatise on Political Economy.^[6]^[109]

References…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cantillon

Story 3: Coronavirus or COVID-19 Exposed America’s Heavy Reliance On China For Medicines — Trump Administration May Use Defense Production Act To Manufacture Protective Gear — What About Replacing Medicine, Drug and Ingredients Imported From Communist China By Establishing American Producers in United States As In The Past? — Videos

New information on finding a coronavirus treatment

Richard Cantillon
Richard Cantillon
Born	1680s Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland
Died	1734 (aged about 54) London, England, Great Britain
Era	Age of Reason
Region	Western philosophy
School	Physiocracy
Main interests	Political economy
Notable ideas	Entrepreneur as risk-bearer,; monetary theory,; spatial economics,; theory of population growth,; cause and effect methodology
	Influences[show]
	Influenced[show]
Signature

[1]

[2]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[3]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

Civil forfeiture	Criminal forfeiture
Police against a thing or in rem	Police against a person or in personam
Legal test is Preponderance of evidence	Legal test is Beyond a reasonable doubt
Court can weigh defendant’s taking the 5th in their decision^[22]	Court can not do this^[22]
Assets returned if owner proves innocence	Assets returned if prosecution cannot prove guilt
Example: United States v. Forty-Three Gallons of Whiskey	Example: United States v. John Doe

Year	Total forfeitures	Notes
1986	$93.7 million	DOJ’s Asset Forfeiture Fund^[8]
2004	$567 million	^[3]
2005	$1.25 billion	^[15]
2007	$1.58 billion	^[11]
2008	$1.6 billion	DOJ Asset Forfeiture fund took in $1 billion^[3]^[8]
2010	$2.50 billion	^[15]^[15]

State	Standard	Rank
Alabama	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
Alaska	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
Delaware	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
Massachusetts	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
Missouri	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
Rhode Island	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
South Carolina	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
Wyoming	Prima facie/Probable cause	1
Georgia	Probable cause/Preponderance	2
North Dakota	Probable cause/Preponderance	2
South Dakota	Probable cause/Preponderance	2
Washington	Probable cause/Preponderance	2
Arizona	Preponderance	3
Arkansas	Preponderance	3
Hawaii	Preponderance	3
Idaho	Preponderance	3
Illinois	Preponderance^[44]	3
Indiana	Preponderance	3
Iowa	Preponderance	3
Kansas	Preponderance	3
Louisiana	Preponderance	3
Maine	Preponderance	3
Maryland	Preponderance	3
Michigan	Preponderance	3
Mississippi	Preponderance	3
New Hampshire	Preponderance	3
New Jersey	Preponderance	3
Oklahoma	Preponderance	3
Pennsylvania	Preponderance	3
Tennessee	Preponderance	3
Texas	Preponderance	3
Virginia	Preponderance	3
West Virginia	Preponderance	3
Kentucky	Preponderance Clear & convincing	4
New York	Preponderance Clear & convincing	4
Oregon	Preponderance Clear & convincing	4
Colorado	Clear & convincing	5
Minnesota	Clear & convincing	5
Nevada	Clear & convincing	5
Ohio	Clear & convincing	5
Utah	Clear & convincing	5
Vermont	Clear & convincing	5
California	Clear & convincing Beyond a reasonable doubt	6
Wisconsin	Preponderance of the Evidence (greater weight of the credible evidence).
Florida	Beyond a reasonable doubt^[45]	7
Connecticut	Criminal conviction required before seizure^[46]	8
North Carolina	Criminal conviction required before seizure^[47]	8
Montana	Criminal conviction required before seizure^[48]	8
Nebraska	Criminal conviction required before seizure^[49]	9
New Mexico	Abolished^[48]	9

Larry Page
Page in 2009
Born	Lawrence Edward Page March 26, 1973 (age 46) Lansing, Michigan, U.S.
Residence	Palo Alto, California, U.S.^[1]^[2]
Alma mater	University of Michigan (BS) Stanford University (MS)
Occupation	Computer scientist Internet entrepreneur
Known for	Co-founding Google, Alphabet Inc. and PageRank
Salary	One-dollar salary
Net worth	US$55.8 billion^[3] (2019)

Sundar Pichai

Born	Pichai Sundararajan June 10, 1972 (age 47) Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Alma mater	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Stanford University The Wharton School
Salary	US$1,881,066 (2018)US$1,333,557 (2017)^[1] US$199.7 million^[2] (2016)
Title	CEO of Google
Board member of	Alphabet Inc.^[3] Magic Leap^[4]
Spouse(s)	Anjali Pichai
Children	2
Parents	Regunatha Pichai (father) Lakshmi Pichai (mother)

Richard Cantillon

Born	1680s^[1] Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland
Died	1734^[2] (aged about 54) London, England, Great Britain

Era	Age of Reason
Region	Western philosophy
School	Physiocracy
Main interests	Political economy
Notable ideas	Entrepreneur as risk-bearer, monetary theory, spatial economics, theory of population growth, cause and effect methodology
Influences[show]
Influenced[show]
Signature

George Kent


United States Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office September 4, 2018
President	Donald Trump
United States Deputy Chief of Mission to Ukraine
In office 2015–2018
President	Barack Obama Donald Trump
Succeeded by	Pamela Tremont
Personal details
Education	Harvard University (A.B.) Johns Hopkins University (M.A.) National Defense University (M.S.)

William B. Taylor Jr.


6th United States Ambassador to Ukraine
Incumbent
Assumed office June 18, 2019 Acting
President	Donald Trump
Preceded by	Kristina Kvien (acting) Marie Yovanovitch (confirmed)
In office June 21, 2006 – May 23, 2009
President	George W. Bush Barack Obama
Preceded by	John E. Herbst
Succeeded by	John F. Tefft
Personal details
Born	William Brockenbrough Taylor Jr. September 14, 1947 (age 72) New Mexico, U.S.
Spouse(s)	Deborah Furlan Taylor
Children	2
Education	United States Military Academy (BS) Harvard University (MPA)
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Army
Years of service	1969–1975
Rank	Captain
Unit	101st Airborne Division
Battles/wars	Vietnam War
Awards	Bronze Star Medal Air Medal

Science

The Pronk Pops Show Podcasts

Story 1: President Trumps Declares A National Emergency — Unleashes Full Power of United States Government — $50 Billion in New Funding To Deal With COVID-19 Pandemic — Videos

BREAKING: Donald Trump declares a national emergency

Trump declares National Emergency over coronavirus

Trump declares national emergency over coronavirus pandemic

Tucker: Regular life is all but suspended

Hannity: Major businesses working with Trump on coronavirus

Trump declares virus emergency; Pelosi announces aid deal

Story 2: House Expected Passes Family First Coronavirus Response Bill Supported By President Trump — Videos

House Passes Coronavirus Relief Bill

House approves coronavirus response bill supported by Trump

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi says the House will pass coronavirus legislation

Mnuchin: Trump is very interested in putting money into the economy

PBS NewsHour West live episode, March 13, 2020

Story 3: United State Stock Market Rallies — Best Day Since 2008 — Consumer Sentiment Beating Expectations At 95.9 — Videos

The Dow Is Soaring – Here’s Why the Stock Market Is Cheering Trump

Barry Sternlicht: Stock market will make a comeback from coronavirus

El-Erian on markets: ‘It’s getting less scary than it has been for a while’

Cramer’s game plan for the trading week of March 16

Jim Cramer: Not sure this stock market sell-off can be stopped

The Pronk Pops Show Podcasts Portfolio

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1408-1413

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1400-1407

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1392 1399

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1386-1391

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1379-1785

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1372-1378

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1363-1371

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1352-1362

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1343-1351

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1335-1342

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1326-1334

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1318-1325

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1310-1317

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1300-1309

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1291-1299

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1282-1290

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1276-1281

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1267-1275

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1266

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1256-1265

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1246-1255

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1236-1245

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1229-1235

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1218-1128

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1210-1217

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1202-1209

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1197-1201

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1190-1196

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1182-1189

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1174-1181

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1168-1173

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1159-1167

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1151-1158

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1145-1150

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1139-1144

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1131-1138

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1122-1130

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1112-1121

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1101-1111

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1091-1100

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1082-1090

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1073-1081

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1066-1073

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1058-1065

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1048-1057

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1041-1047

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1033-1040

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1023-1032

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1017-1022

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1010-1016

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1001-1009

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 993-1000

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 984-992

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 977-983

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 970-976

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 963-969

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 955-962

Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 946-954