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Story 1: British Prime Minister Liz Truss Resigns– Speech — Videos —
What Happened With Liz Truss in Britain? A Guide to the Basics.
A little over six weeks into her leadership, the British prime minister said she would resign.
Oct. 20, 2022Updated 11:00 a.m. ET
LONDON — The rapid political collapse of Liz Truss ended as she announced her resignation on Thursday, a little more than six weeks after she became Britain’s leader. Her agenda had floundered, her own party had turned on her and commentators widely speculated on whether she could outlast a head of lettuce. She couldn’t.
She had pledged to shoulder through the turmoil despite widespread calls for her resignation. But minute by minute the heat on her grew until there was no path out.
If you need to get caught up, here is a guide to the basics.
Who is Liz Truss and how did she become prime minister?
Ms. Truss was anointed on Sept. 6 to replace Boris Johnson, who was elected by voters in 2019 but who flamed out in spectacular fashion after a series of scandals, forcing him to step down in July.
The general public did not elect Ms. Truss — instead, she won a leadership contest among members of her Conservative Party. To replace Mr. Johnson, the party’s members of Parliament narrowed a field of candidates to two, who were then put up to a vote by about 160,000 dues-paying party members. (They’re an unrepresentative group of the nation’s 67 million residents, far more likely to be male, older, middle-class and white.)
Liz Truss dramatically admitted defeat and announced she is quitting as PM today with Westminster gearing up for Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak to do ‘battle for the soul’ of the party.
After just 44 disastrous days in No10, Ms Truss took to a lectern outside the famous black door to confirm her departure, sealing her fate as the shortest-serving premier in modern political history.
Revealing she had informed the King of her decision, she said: ‘I cannot deliver on the mandate…. I will remain as PM until a successor has been chosen.’
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Ms Truss – who insisted she was a ‘fighter not a quitter’ barely 24 hours ago – said the Tory leadership contest will be completed over the next week. Giving her valedictory statement, she was watched by husband Hugh.
Poll
Who do you want to be the next Prime Minister?Boris JohnsonRishi SunakPenny MordauntBen WallaceSuella BravermanKemi BadenochGrant ShappsOther
Attention immediately turns to the leadership battle – with Jeremy Hunt ruling himself out within minutes. However, there are claims that Boris Johnson – currently on holiday in the Caribbean – will bid for a shock return just six weeks after he left office.
His MP supporters have been saying it is ‘time to come back’, but other politicians warned it would be ‘f***ing madness’ and said some colleagues could choose to defect if he won.
‘It ended in chaos with 57 ministers resigning. He lost the confidence of the parliamentary party,’ they added.
A Boris-supporting former Cabinet minister shot back: ‘If we lose 10 MPs we’ve still got a majority of 51… he’s got the stardust that the others simply do not have..’
Friends of Rishi Sunak told MailOnline he is almost certain to stand. One close ally told MailOnline there would be a ‘natural logic’ to him facing off against Mr Johnson. ‘It will be a battle for the soul of the party,’ they added.
The number of nominations needed to get on the ballot has been set at 100 MPs.
That means in all likelihood only two candidates will be on the first ballot of MPs, and they will merely give an indication of the mood in the Commons rather than whittling down the field.
Under the rules set out tonight, the Tories’ grassroots membership is set for an online vote to choose the winning candidate out of a final pairing.
The result of the members’ ballot will be announced next Friday.
The high bar of 100 MP nominations is expected to rule out many hopefuls, potentially including Penny Mordaunt as well as Suella Braverman, Kemi Badenoch, and Brandon Lewis.
Conservative 1922 Committee chair Sir Graham Brady told journalists in Westminster that a replacement should be in place by October 28, in time for the Halloween Budget.
The bombshell news of Ms Truss’s resignation follows a week of carnage that saw a bewildering array of U-turns on the mini-Budget, the Chancellor and Home Secretary quit, confusion over whether the Chief Whip had followed her out of the door, and MPs wrestling in Commons voting lobbies.
A slew of apocalyptic polls showing Labour up to 36 points ahead had also fuelled outright panic in the Parliamentary party.
Ms Truss held crisis talks with Sir Graham, deputy PM Therese Coffey and Tory chair Jake Berry in the building earlier, as they delivered grim message about the mood of the party.
Liz Truss’s resignation statement in full
I came into office at a time of great economic and international instability.
Families and businesses were worried about how to pay their bills.
Putin’s illegal war in Ukraine threatens the security of our whole continent.
And our country had been held back for too long by low economic growth.
I was elected by the Conservative Party with a mandate to change this.
We delivered on energy bills and on cutting national insurance.
And we set out a vision for a low tax, high growth economy – that would take advantage of the freedoms of Brexit.
I recognise though, given the situation, I cannot deliver the mandate on which I was elected by the Conservative Party.
I have therefore spoken to His Majesty The King to notify him that I am resigning as Leader of the Conservative Party.
This morning I met the Chair of the 1922 Committee Sir Graham Brady.
We have agreed there will be a leadership election to be completed in the next week.
This will ensure we remain on a path to deliver our fiscal plans and maintain our country’s economic stability and national security.
I will remain as Prime Minister until a successor has been chosen.
A series of previously-loyal MPs joined calls for her to go this morning. Even supportive Cabinet ministers had been conceding the situation is ‘terminal’.
Transport Secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan was sent out to prop up the PM this morning, but would only say that ‘at the moment’ she believes Ms Truss will lead the Tories into the next election.
The main obstacle to removing Ms Truss over recent days was the lack of consensus on who should take over and what the process should be, with little appetite for a drawn-out contest.
Nadine Dorries has warned the only person who would be acceptable in a ‘coronation’ is Mr Johnson.
In order to restrict the field, the threshold of nominations to get on the ballot has been set at 100.
The 1922 committee could seek tacit agreement from candidates that they will step aside if they are not in pole position when the field is whittled down to a final two. That would avoid the need for a run-off vote of the entire party membership.
Events accelerated after another bout of madness at Westminster yesterday culminated in stories of tears and tantrums in Parliament, with Ms Truss allegedly engaging in a shouting match with her own enforcers.
Deputy PM Therese Coffey was accused of ‘manhandling’ Tory MPs to vote against a Labour motion that could have killed the government’s plans to resume fracking – something she denies.
The premier tried to force the issue by declaring that it was a matter of confidence, meaning a defeat the would have collapsed the government. But at the end of the debate a minister declared that it was not in fact a confidence vote – triggering fury from Chief Whip Wendy Morton and her deputy Craig Whittaker.
Other whips told MPs they had resigned, but after three hours of silence and frantic wrangling behind the scenes Downing Street announced they were still in post. A 1.33am statement then made clear that it had been a confidence vote, warning that around 30 MPs who abstained will be disciplined.
However, in another twist this morning, Ms Trevelyan said that it had not been a confidence vote.
The PM lost her second Cabinet heavyweight in five days after Suella Braverman resigned as Home Secretary, admitting using of her personal email to campaign against the government’s own immigration policy – but also hit out at Ms Truss for ditching key policies, suggesting she should also quit for ‘mistakes’.
The PM appointed Grants Shapps, a Rishi Sunak supporter who as late as Monday was telling media that her government was unsustainable.
As Ms Truss time in power came shuddering to an ignominious end:
- Sterling shot up to $1.13 before the speech as markets anticipated that Ms Truss would resign, and then pared back gains slightly to stand 0.4 per cent higher at $1.126 after her resignation statement;
- Labour leader Keir Starmer has twisted the knife by demanding an immediate general election;
- Ms Truss will be entitled to £19,000 severance after around 51 days as PM, while Mr Johnson would not have to return a payoff because more than three weeks has passed;
- Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle has launched an investigation into the claims of bullying during the votes last night;
- The Pound has dropped to $1.119 against the US dollar, its lowest level for a week, as markets digest the political turmoil.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11336361/Truss-QUITS-PM-admits-carry-crisis-talks.html
Story 2: Annual Covid 19 Vaccine Shot Added To Child Vaccination Schedule By Center of Disease Control (CDC)– A Very Bad Idea- No Safety Testing Videos
Story 3: United States Air force’s 6th Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) Fighter Jet — Revolutionary Design Videos
Finally: America’s Launch New 6th-Gen NGAD Fighter Jet To Replace F-22
Next Generation Air Dominance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) | |
---|---|
Project for | Air superiority fighter |
Issued by | United States Air Force |
Date initiated | 2014 |
Related programs | Next Generation Adaptive Propulsion (NGAP), F/A-XX program (Navy) |
The Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) is a United States Air Force (USAF) sixth-generation fighter initiative with a goal of fielding a “family of systems” that is to eventually supersede the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor.[1][2] A manned fighter aircraft is the centerpiece program of the initiative and has been referred to as the F-X or Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA) and is to be supported by unmanned “Loyal Wingman” platforms.[3]
The NGAD originates from DARPA‘s Air Dominance Initiative study in 2014, and is expected to field the new fighter aircraft in the 2030s. While having an identical name and sharing some technology developments, the program is distinct from the U.S. Navy’s NGAD program, which has the F/A-XX as its fighter component and would have a similar fielding timeframe.
History
The NGAD was initiated in 2014 to develop a 2030s air superiority system for the U.S. Air Force. DARPA had completed its Air Dominance Initiative study in March 2014 and in 2015 launched the Aerospace Innovation Initiative to develop X-plane prototypes to demonstrate technology for future aircraft. In 2016, the USAF followed up DARPA’s study with the Air Superiority 2030 flight plan, but while the plan stated the need for a family of systems, it was still focused on a specific member of the family called the F-X or Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA).[4][5] In 2018 the program expanded its focus from a single addition towards a suite of capabilities.[6]
The NGAD aims to develop several key technologies in areas such as propulsion, stealth, advanced weapons,[7] digital design (CAD-based engineering),[8][9] and thermal management of the aircraft signature.[10] The program changes traditional Air Force acquisition[11] by the separation of design, production, and support functions in the development process with a $9 billion budget through 2025.[12][13] More frequent industry competitions and simulations in the design and manufacturing process are characteristic of the development program.[14] NGAD is described as a “family of systems”, with a fighter aircraft as the centerpiece of the system, and other parts of the system likely to be unmanned escort aircraft to carry extra munitions and perform other missions.[15] In particular, NGAD aims to develop a system that addresses the operation needs of the Pacific theater of operations, where current USAF fighters lack sufficient range and payload. USAF commanders have noted that there may be two variants of NGAD: one with long range and payload for the Indo-Pacific and one more oriented to the relatively short ranges between possible battle areas in Europe.[15] The fighter is expected to leverage adaptive cycle engines being developed under the Adaptive Engine Transition Program (AETP) and Next Generation Adaptive Propulsion (NGAP) program, with flight ready engines expected by 2025.[16]
The fighter component of the NGAD was briefly envisioned to follow the rapid development and procurement cycles of the “Century Series” fighter aircraft of the 1950s and 1960s; dubbed “Digital Century Series” by Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (SAF/AQ) Will Roper, fighter designs would be continually iterated to enable the rapid insertion of new technology and procured in small batches. In September 2020, Roper stated that a full-scale prototype of the NGAD fighter aircraft has been flown.[17] In May 2021, chief of staff of the USAF General Brown stated that the NGAD will start replacing the F-22 once it is operational in sufficient quantity, with the fielding goal in the 2030s.[18] The F-22 has also been used to test NGAD technology and some advances are expected to be applied to the F-22 as well.[19] Due to the complexity and sophistication of modern aircraft design, however, the “Digital Century Series” concept was eventually abandoned in lieu of a more traditional development and procurement approach. In June 2022, the program has moved into the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase.[20][21]
See also
References
- ^ “CSAF: F-22 Not in USAF’s Long-Term Plan”. Air Force Magazine. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ “The Air Force Is Planning For a Future Without the F-22”. Defense One. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ Department of the Air Force Acquisition Biennial Report 2019 + 2020 (PDF) (Report). U.S. Air Force. p. 55.
- ^ Trimble, Steve (21 September 2020). “The Nearly Decade-long Story That Led To NGAD Flight Demonstrator”. Aviation Week.
- ^ “Introduction to the Air Force’s Next Generation Air Dominance Program”. USNI News. 6 October 2020.
- ^ Albon, Courtney. “Air Force Extends AOA for NGAD, Moves Away from Single Fighter Platform.” Inside the Air Force, vol. 29, no. 38, Inside Washington Publishers, 2018, pp. 3–4, JSTOR website Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ “Air Force Next Generation Air Dominance Program: An Introduction”. Congressional Research Service. 5 October 2020.
- ^ Theresa Hitchens (9 Jul 2021) Digital Design Revolution Key To All Domain Ops: Air & Space Officials Say
- ^ Valerie Insinna (9 Jul 2021) How two F-16s from the US Air Force’s ‘boneyard’ will find a second life as digital models
- ^ Jeremiah Gertler (5 Oct 2020) Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance Program: An Introduction IF11659
- ^ Morgan Dwyer. (8 November 2019). “The Air Force Digital Century Series: Beyond the Buzzwords”. CSIS.org. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ Gertler, Jeremiah. (5 October 2020). “Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance Program: An Introduction”. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ Harper, Jon. (21 September 2021). “AFA NEWS: Air Force’s NGAD Program ‘Progressing Per Plan'”. National Defense Magazine. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ Mandy Mayfield. (14 July 2020). “JUST IN: Air Force ‘Digital Century Series’ Acquisition Concept Nearing Milestone”. National Defense Magazine website Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Tirpak, John (16 June 2021). “Brown: NGAD Will be a Multirole Fighter”. Air Force Magazine.
- ^ Trimble, Steven (31 July 2020). “Budget Shows Flightworthy Sixth-Generation Fighter Engines”. Aviation Week.
- ^ Insinna, Valerie (15 September 2020). “The US Air Force has built and flown a mysterious full-scale prototype of its future fighter jet”. Defense News.
- ^ Tirpak, John (13 May 2021). “New Force Design: NGAD Needed Soon, F-22 Sunset Begins in 2030”. Air Force Magazine.
- ^ “F-22 Being Used To Test Next Generation Air Dominance ‘Fighter’ Tech”. The War Zone. 25 April 2022.
- ^ Losey, Stephen (1 June 2022). “The Air Force’s next-gen fighter has moved into a critical new phase”. Defense News.
- ^ Tirpak, John (24 June 2022). “Kendall Dispenses With Roper’s Quick NGAD Rhythm; System is Too Complex”. Air Force Magazine.
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Story 1: New British Prime Minister Liz Trust Speech — Videos
Story 2: Ranked Choice Voting —
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Ranked-choice voting (RCV)
A ranked-choice voting system (RCV) is an electoral system in which voters rank candidates by preference on their ballots. If a candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, he or she is declared the winner. If no candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated. First-preference votes cast for the failed candidate are eliminated, lifting the second-preference choices indicated on those ballots. A new tally is conducted to determine whether any candidate has won a majority of the adjusted votes. The process is repeated until a candidate wins an outright majority.[1][2]
See the sections below for additional information on the following topics:
- Background: This section lists the general steps involved in ranked-choice voting (RCV) and details an example of its application.
- Ranked-choice voting in the United States: This section details the usage of ranked-choice voting systems in the United States.
- Support and opposition: This section details the arguments in favor of and opposed to ranked-choice voting.
- State legislation: This section lists state legislation dealing with ranked-choice voting.
- Ballot measures: This section lists statewide and local ballot measures dealing with ranked-choice voting and other electoral system changes.
Note: The term instant-runoff voting is sometimes used as a synonym for ranked-choice voting. In other contexts, the term instant-runoff voting is used to describe a specific form of ranked-choice voting. This article deals largely with this form of ranked-choice voting because it is the dominant form used in the United States. Other variations of ranked-choice voting include single-transferable voting, “Round Robin” (also known as “Condorcet”) voting.
Background
https://www.youtube.com/embed/IcelJ20ygjs?&enablejsapi=1&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.orgBeyond the Headlines: What is ranked-choice voting?View other episodes here. |
How ranked-choice voting works
Broadly speaking, the ranked-choice voting process unfolds as follows for single-winner elections:
- Voters rank the candidates for a given office by preference on their ballots.
- If a candidate wins an outright majority of first-preference votes (i.e., 50 percent plus one), he or she will be declared the winner.
- If, on the other hand, no candidates win an outright majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated.
- All first-preference votes for the failed candidate are eliminated, lifting the second-preference choices indicated on those ballots.
- A new tally is conducted to determine whether any candidate has won an outright majority of the adjusted voters.
- The process is repeated until a candidate wins a majority of votes cast.
Example
Assume that there are four candidates for mayor in a hypothetical city. The table below presents the raw first-preference vote totals for each candidate.
[hide]Raw first-preference vote tallies in a hypothetical mayoral race | ||
---|---|---|
Candidate | First-preference votes | Percentage |
Candidate A | 475 | 46.34% |
Candidate B | 300 | 29.27% |
Candidate C | 175 | 17.07% |
Candidate D | 75 | 7.32% |
In the above scenario, no candidate won an outright majority of first-preference votes. As a result, the candidate (Candidate D) with the smallest number of first-preference votes is eliminated. The ballots that listed candidate D as the first preference are adjusted, raising their second-preference candidates. Assume that, of the 75 first-preference votes for Candidate D, 50 listed Candidate A as their second preference and 25 listed Candidate B. The adjusted vote totals would be as follows:
[hide]Adjusted vote tallies in a hypothetical mayoral race | ||
---|---|---|
Candidate | Adjusted first-preference votes | Percentage |
Candidate A | 525 | 51.22% |
Candidate B | 325 | 31.71% |
Candidate C | 175 | 17.07% |
On the second tally, Candidate A secured 51.22 percent of the vote, thereby winning the election.
Note: The above is a simplified example used for illustrative purposes. Specific procedures vary by jurisdiction and according to the nature of the election (i.e., whether it is a single-winner or multi-winner contest).
Related terms
The term instant-runoff voting is sometimes used as a synonym for ranked-choice voting. In other contexts, the term instant-runoff voting is used to describe ranked-choice voting processes used in single-winner elections. The term single-transferable voting is also sometimes used synonymously with ranked-choice voting. Single-transferable voting can be more narrowly construed to refer to ranked-choice voting processes used in multi-winner elections.[1][3]
The term ballot exhaustion is used to describe situations in which a ballot is no longer countable because all of the candidates marked on the ballot are no longer in the contest. This can occur in ranked-choice voting. In cases where a voter has ranked only candidates that did not make it to the final round of counting, the voter’s ballot is said to have been exhausted.[4][5]
Ranked-choice voting in the United States
As of June 2022, two states (Alaska and Maine) had implemented ranked-choice voting federal and/or state-level elections. One state (Hawaii) had adopted but not yet implemented RCV in federal special elections and special elections to fill vacancies on county councils. Another eight states contained jurisdictions that had implemented RCV at the local level. Another four states contained jurisdictions that had adopted but not yet implemented RCV in local elections. See the map and table below for further details.[6]https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Sguqb/4/
[hide]Ranked-choice voting usage in the United States, as of 2022 | |
---|---|
State | Ranked-choice voting |
Alabama | No. |
Alaska | Yes; federal and state elections. |
Arizona | No. |
Arkansas | No. |
California | Yes; Oakland, San Francisco, San Leandro, Berkeley, Albany (adopted for 2022 implementation), Eureka (adopted for 2022 implementation), Palm Desert (adopted for 2022 implementation). |
Colorado | Yes; Telluride, Basalt, Carbondale, Boulder (adopted for 2023 implementation), and Broomfield (adopted for 2023 implementation). |
Connecticut | No. |
Delaware | No. |
Florida | No (SB524, signed into law on April 25, 2022, barred the use of ranked-choice voting in any election; this preempted Sarasota’s adoption of ranked-choice voting).[7] |
Georgia | No. |
Hawaii | Yes; legislation enacted in 2022 established ranked-choice voting in federal special elections (provided that these elections do not coincide with a regularly scheduled primary or general election) and any special election to fill a vacancy on a county council. The legislation was set to take effect on January 1, 2023. |
Idaho | No. |
Illinois | No. |
Indiana | No. |
Iowa | No. |
Kansas | No. |
Kentucky | No. |
Louisiana | No. |
Maine | Yes; Federal elections[8] Municipal elections in Portland. |
Maryland | Yes; Takoma Park. |
Massachusetts | Yes; Cambridge, Amherst (adopted but not implemented), Easthampton. |
Michigan | Yes; Eastpointe Adopted but not implemented; Ferndale. |
Minnesota | Yes; Minneapolis, St. Paul, St. Louis Park, Bloomington (adopted for 2021 implementation), and Minnetonka (adopted for 2021 implementation). |
Mississippi | No. |
Missouri | No. |
Montana | No. |
Nebraska | No. |
Nevada | No. |
New Hampshire | No. |
New Jersey | No. |
New Mexico | Yes; Santa Fe and Las Cruces. |
New York | Yes; New York City. |
North Carolina | No. |
North Dakota | No. |
Ohio | No. |
Oklahoma | No. |
Oregon | Adopted but not implemented; Benton County. |
Pennsylvania | No. |
Rhode Island | No. |
South Carolina | No. |
South Dakota | No. |
Tennessee | Adopted but not implemented; Memphis; SB1820 precludes the use of RCV in state-level and local elections. |
Texas | No. |
Utah | Pilot program allowing for municipalities to use ranked-choice voting from 2019 through 2025 (participating cities: Bluffdale, Cottonwood Heights, Draper, Elk Ridge, Genola, Goshen, Heber, Lehi, Magna Township, Midvale, Millcreek, Moab, Newton, Nibley, Payson, River Heights, Riverton, Salt Lake City, Sandy, South Salt Lake, Springville, Vineyard, Woodland Hills). |
Vermont | Adopted but not implemented; Burlington. |
Virginia | Adopted in 2020 allowing cities to opt in to use RCV beginning in 2021. |
Washington | No. |
West Virginia | No. |
Wisconsin | No. |
Wyoming | No. |
Support and opposition
Support
The Committee for Ranked Choice Voting, which supported the 2016 Maine ballot measure that approved the use of RCV in statewide elections, made the following arguments in favor of RCV:[9]
“ | Ranked choice voting ensures that candidates with the most votes and broadest support win, so voters get what they want. Candidates who are opposed by a majority of voters can never win ranked choice voting elections. … Ranked choice voting levels the playing field for all candidates and encourages candidates to take their case directly to you with a focus on the issues. Candidates are encouraged to seek second choice rankings from voters whose favorite candidate is somebody else. You are less likely to rank as your second choice a candidate who has issued personal attacks against your favorite candidate.[10] | ” |
—Committee for Ranked Choice Voting |
Greg Orman, in a 2016 article for Real Clear Politics, made the following argument in support of RCV:[11]
“ | In a ranked-choice election, the only way to waste your vote is to actually vote against a candidate. As long as the candidate you like least doesn’t reach the 50 percent threshold, they won’t win. So only positive votes matter. … Ranked-choice voting effectively allows voters to vote their actual preferences instead of having to vote strategically. This would have a meaningful impact on elections and governing. It would empower independent and third party candidates by eliminating the “wasted vote” argument.[10] | ” |
—Greg Orman |
FairVote, an organization that advocates for the adoption of electoral reforms such as ranked-choice voting (RCV), argues that RCV, in combination with other electoral reforms, can foster the development of legislative bodies that better represent the diversity of their constituencies:[12]
“ | All states and all congressional elections currently use winner-take-all rules that elevate district lines over voters. Legislatures elected by winner-take-all are characterized by distortions in partisan representation, entrenchment of incumbents in safe seats, regional polarization, and low representation of women and racial and ethnic minorities. When combined with multi-winner districts electing at least three members, ranked-choice voting helps to make elections fairer and more reflective in every district. This ends the cycle of gerrymandering, and creates competitive elections in which every vote really counts.[10] | ” |
—FairVote |
Opposition
Louis Jacobson, in a 2013 article for Governing, summarized some of the arguments against ranked-choice voting (RCV):[13]
“ | To be sure, the system has also inspired opposition. For starters, it’s more complicated for voters to understand, at least until they get used to it. In addition, some say there may be value in having an actual final round of campaigning between two candidates. That way, voters can see the top two finishers directly battling each other for public support. These drawbacks have come into sharpest relief when second-place or even third-place finishers in the first round ended up winning the election.[10] | ” |
—Louis Jacobson |
In a 2016 article for Democracy, Simon Waxman contended that RCV is not necessarily more likely to produce more moderate candidates or more diverse legislative bodies, as some proponents of RCV contend:[14]
“ | There is also little reason to believe that RCV will promote legislative moderation—or new campaign tactics—at the federal level, because it usually produces outcomes similar to what one would expect from a standard plurality system. In the 2013 Australian federal election, 90 percent of constituencies elected the candidate with the most first-preference votes, which suggests that choice ranking had little effect on the outcome.[10] | ” |
—Simon Waxman |
Gordon Weil, a former Maine state agency head and municipal selectman, argued in a 2015 piece for CentralMaine.com that RCV runs counter to the democratic process:[15]
“ | Ranked-choice proponents dislike [other types of] primaries, because fringe candidates can win, producing an unhappy choice in the general election. That sounds like the position of philosopher-kings who really don’t trust democracy and certainly want to see the end of political parties. If there’s something wrong with [other types of] primaries, find a way to get more people to vote. But don’t manipulate their voting. … If we want decisions guaranteed to be made by a majority, then a runoff is a better idea, because it allows voters to make a clear choice rather than the muddled, computer-run outcome of ranked-choice voting.[10] | ” |
—Gordon Weil |
State legislation
See also: Electoral systems legislation at the state and city levels in the United States, 2019
The map below provides the number of ranked-choice voting bills that have been introduced in each legislatures. To learn more about each of these bills, click the bill title. This information is provided by BillTrack50 and LegiScan.
Note: Due to the nature of the sorting process used to generate this list, some results may not be relevant to the topic. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation pertaining to this topic has been introduced in the legislature recently.
Electoral systems bills in the United States, 2019
- AK HB83 – Prohibit Voting By Facsimile (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT ENTITLED “An Act relating to voting by electronic transmission in a state election.”02/14/2020: REFERRED TO STATE AFFAIRS
- AK HB115 – Absentee Voting (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT ENTITLED “An Act relating to absentee voting; and providing for an effective date.”02/14/2020: CROSS SPONSOR(S): BEGICH, WIELECHOWSKI, KAWASAKI, GRAY-JACKSON
- AK HB150 – Voting By Mail (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT ENTITLED “An Act requiring state elections and local elections that the state is responsible for conducting to be conducted by mail; requiring certain vote-by-mail ballots and election materials to be provided in certain written languages…05/01/2019: REFERRED TO STATE AFFAIRS
- AZ HB2414 – National popular vote; interstate agreement (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)National popular vote; interstate agreement04/22/2019: Assigned to House RULES Committee
- CA SB212 – Elections: local voting methods. (Vetoed)An act to amend Sections 5013, 5020, 5027, and 5028 of, and to add Sections 1018, 1019, 1020, 5010, 5032, and 5096 to, the Education Code, to amend Section 8141 of, to add Section 8141.3 to, and to add Division 22 (commencing with Section 24000)…01/13/2020: Veto sustained.
- CO SB042 – National Popular Vote (Signed/Enacted)The bill enacts and enters into with all other states joining therein the agreement among the states to elect the president of the United States by national popular vote (agreement). Among other provisions, the agreement: Permits any state of…03/15/2019: Governor Signed
- CT HB05036 – An Act Concerning Ranked-choice Voting In Primaries For Nomination. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To establish ranked-choice voting in primaries for nomination to single-member state, district and municipal offices.01/09/2019: Referred to Joint Committee on Government Administration and Elections
- CT HB05040 – An Act Withdrawing Connecticut From The Agreement Among The States To Elect The President Of The United States By National Popular Vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To withdraw the state from the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President of the United States by National Popular Vote.01/09/2019: Referred to Joint Committee on Government Administration and Elections
- CT HB05200 – An Act Withdrawing Connecticut From The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To withdraw the state from the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact.01/11/2019: Referred to Joint Committee on Government Administration and Elections
- CT HB05206 – An Act Withdrawing Connecticut From The Agreement Among The States To Elect The President Of The United States By National Popular Vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To withdraw the state from the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President of the United States by National Popular Vote.01/11/2019: Referred to Joint Committee on Government Administration and Elections
- CT HB05612 – An Act Withdrawing Connecticut From The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To withdraw the state from the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact.01/18/2019: Referred to Joint Committee on Government Administration and Elections
- CT HB05820 – An Act Establishing A Task Force To Study Ranked-choice Voting. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To establish a task force to study ranked-choice voting.05/20/2019: File Number 932
- CT HB05825 – An Act Withdrawing Connecticut From The Agreement Among The States To Elect The President Of The United States By National Popular Vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To withdraw the state from the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President of the United States by National Popular Vote.01/23/2019: Referred to Joint Committee on Government Administration and Elections
- CT HB06881 – An Act Allowing Ranked-choice Voting In Municipal Elections. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To allow ranked-choice voting in municipal elections.01/30/2019: Referred to Joint Committee on Government Administration and Elections
- CT SB01050 – An Act Concerning Ranked-choice Voting For Elections. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To examine the feasibility of implementing ranked-choice voting at elections.03/08/2019: Public Hearing 03/13
- DC B23-0491 – Ranked Choice Voting Act Of 2019 (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)As introduced Bill 23-491 requires candidates for public office be elected using ranked choice voting, which is a method of casting and tabulating votes where the voters rank candidates according to the order of their choice and vote counting…10/18/2019: Notice of Intent to Act on B23-0491 Published in the DC Register
- DE SB22 – An Act To Amend Title 15 Of The Delaware Code Relating The Agreement Among The States To Elect The President By National Popular Vote. (Signed/Enacted)Act enacts the National Popular Vote compact, which changes the Electoral College from an institution that reflects the voters state-by-state choices into a body that reflects the voters nationwide choice. Currently, state statutes require that…03/28/2019: signed by Governor
- FL H0323 – United States Constitution and the Electoral College (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)A resolution reaffirming the oath of office made by 2 each member of the House of Representatives to 3 support, protect, and defend the United States 4 Constitution, including the 12th Amendment, and 5 supporting the preservation of the Electoral…03/14/2020: Died in Oversight, Transparency and Public Management Subcommittee
- FL H0335 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)An act relating to the Agreement Among the States to 2 Elect the President by National Popular Vote; 3 providing for enactment of the agreement; providing a 4 method by which a state may become a member state; 5 requiring a statewide popular…03/14/2020: Died in Oversight, Transparency and Public Management Subcommittee
- FL H0949 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Provides for enactment of Agreement Among States to Elect President by National Popular Vote; provides method by which state may become member state; requires statewide popular election for President & Vice President of U.S.; establishes procedure…05/03/2019: Died in Oversight, Transparency and Public Management Subcommittee
- FL S0908 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Providing for enactment of the agreement; requiring a statewide popular election for President and Vice President of the United States; establishing a procedure for appointing presidential electors in member states; providing that the agreement…03/14/2020: Died in Ethics and Elections
- FL S1048 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Requiring a statewide popular election for President and Vice President of the United States; establishing a procedure for appointing presidential electors in member states; providing that the agreement becomes effective upon the occurrence…05/03/2019: Died in Ethics and Elections
- GA SB42 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote; enact (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)A BILL to be entitled an Act to amend Title 21 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to elections, so as to enact the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote; to allow states to join together…02/05/2019: Senate Read and Referred
- HI HB210 – Relating To Elections. (Crossed Over)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020. (HB210 HD1)03/07/2019: Re-Referred to JDC, WAM.
- HI HB210 – Relating To Elections. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020. (HB210 HD1)12/01/2019: Carried over to 2020 Regular Session.
- HI HB626 – Relating To Vacancies. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Requires vacancies in the office of United States Representative to be filled by special election that is conducted using ranked choice voting. (SD2)06/22/2020: Received notice of discharge of all House conferees (Hse. Com. No. 363).
- HI HB626 – Relating To Vacancies. (Crossed Over)Requires vacancies in the office of United States Representative to be filled by special election that is conducted using ranked choice voting. (SD2)04/25/2019: Conference Committee Meeting will reconvene on Friday 04-26-19 3:20PM in conference room 325.
- HI HB718 – Relating To Ranked Choice Voting. (In Committee)Establishes ranked choice voting for special federal elections and special elections of vacant county council seats.01/24/2019: Referred to JUD, FIN, referral sheet 5
- HI HB718 – Relating To Ranked Choice Voting. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Establishes ranked choice voting for special federal elections and special elections of vacant county council seats.12/01/2019: Carried over to 2020 Regular Session.
- HI HB1580 – Relating To Ranked Choice Voting. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Establishes the ranked choice voting method of tabulation for all elections for elected office to ensure that elected officials received the majority of votes cast by the electorate.12/01/2019: Carried over to 2020 Regular Session.
- HI HB1580 – Relating To Ranked Choice Voting. (In Committee)Establishes the ranked choice voting method of tabulation for all elections for elected office to ensure that elected officials received the majority of votes cast by the electorate.01/28/2019: Referred to JUD, FIN, referral sheet 6
- HI SB427 – Relating To Ranked Choice Voting. (Crossed Over)Establishes ranked choice voting for special federal elections and special elections of vacant county council seats. (SB427 HD1)04/25/2019: Conference Committee Meeting will reconvene on Friday 04-26-19 3:20PM in conference room 325.
- HI SB427 – Relating To Ranked Choice Voting. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Establishes ranked choice voting for special federal elections and special elections of vacant county council seats. (SB427 HD1)06/22/2020: Received notice of discharge of all House conferees (Hse. Com. No. 363).
- HI SB450 – Relating To Elections. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020.12/01/2019: Carried over to 2020 Regular Session.
- HI SB450 – Relating To Elections. (In Committee)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020.01/24/2019: Referred to JDC, WAM.
- HI SB680 – Relating To Elections. (In Committee)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020.01/24/2019: Referred to JDC, WAM.
- HI SB680 – Relating To Elections. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020.12/01/2019: Carried over to 2020 Regular Session.
- HI SB956 – Relating To Elections. (In Committee)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020.01/24/2019: Referred to JDC, WAM.
- HI SB956 – Relating To Elections. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Provides ranked choice method of voting for all partisan primary elections, special elections, and nonpartisan general elections held in this State on or after 1/1/2020.12/01/2019: Carried over to 2020 Regular Session.
- ID H0047 – Amends and adds to existing law to provide for the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION — Amends and adds to existing law to provide for the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote.01/28/2019: Reported Printed and Referred to Ways & Means
- ID H0127 – Repeals, amends, and adds to existing law to revise provisions regarding cities and counties. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING — Repeals, amends, and adds to existing law to revise provisions regarding cities and counties.03/12/2019: Filed in Office of the Chief Clerk
- IL HB3853 – POPULAR VOTE AGREEMENT-REPEAL (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Repeals the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote Act.10/17/2019: Referred to Rules Committee
- IL SB2267 – ELEC CD-RANKED CHOICE VOTING (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Amends the Election Code. Provides that members of the General Assembly and the offices Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, Comptroller, and Treasurer shall be elected by ranked-choice voting. Provides for ranked-choi…01/13/2021: Session Sine Die
- IN SB0212 – Indiana’s electoral vote. Provides that allocation of Indiana’s electoral votes to the candidate for President of the United States to the winner of the Indiana popular vote does not apply if the “Agreement Among the States to Elect the President… (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Indiana’s electoral vote. Provides that allocation of Indiana’s electoral votes to the candidate for President of the United States to the winner of the Indiana popular vote does not apply if the “Agreement Among the States to Elect the President…01/03/2019: First reading: referred to Committee on Elections
- IN SB0306 – Ranked choice voting. Permits a municipality to implement ranked choice voting for all of the municipality’s elected offices. Permits a county to implement ranked choice voting for all offices elected in the county. Establishes the procedure… (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Ranked choice voting. Permits a municipality to implement ranked choice voting for all of the municipality’s elected offices. Permits a county to implement ranked choice voting for all offices elected in the county. Establishes the procedure…01/07/2019: First reading: referred to Committee on Elections
- KS SB115 – Interstate compact on the agreement among the states to elect the president by national popular vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT concerning elections; enacting the interstate compact on the 2 agreement among the states to elect the president by national popular 3 vote; amending K.S.A. 25-802 and 25-804 and repealing the existing 4 sections. 5 605/21/2020: Senate Died in Committee
- MA H635 – Providing a local option for ranked choice voting in municipal elections (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Relative to providing a local option for ranked choice voting in municipal elections. Election Laws.06/29/2020: Reporting date extended to Thursday December 31, 2020, pending concurrence
- MA H719 – Relative to ranked choice voting (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Relative to the use of ranked choice voting in certain elections. Election Laws.06/29/2020: Reporting date extended to Thursday December 31, 2020, pending concurrence
- MA S406 – Promoting access to democracy in Massachusetts (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)For legislation to promote access to democracy in Massachusetts. Election Laws.02/18/2020: Accompanied a study order, see S2544
- MA S414 – To use of ranked choice voting in elections (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)For legislation to use of ranked choice voting in elections. Election Laws.06/29/2020: Reporting date extended to Thursday December 31, 2020, pending concurrence
- MA S420 – Providing a local option for ranked choice voting in municipal elections (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)For legislation to provide a local option for ranked choice voting in municipal elections. Election Laws.02/18/2020: Accompanied a study order, see S2544
- MA S2229 – Amending the home rule charter of the city of Easthampton (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Relative to amending the home rule charter of the city of Easthampton. Municipalities and Regional Government. [Local Approval Received.]09/09/2019: New draft substituted, see S2331
- MA S2331 – Amending the home rule charter of the city of Easthampton (Signed/Enacted)Amending the home rule charter of the city of Easthampton09/24/2019: Signed by the Governor, Chapter 75 of the Acts of 2019
- MD HB26 – Baltimore City – Ranked Choice Voting and Open Primaries (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Authorizing the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore City to adopt, by law, a ranked choice voting system or an open primary system for elections for certain city offices; requiring that certain procedures apply to an open primary system; authorizing…03/04/2019: Unfavorable Report by Ways and Means; Withdrawn
- MD HB624 – Montgomery County – Voting Methods MC 29-19 (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Authorizing the Montgomery County Council to adopt, by law, a ranked choice voting method or approval voting method for elections for certain local offices; defining “ranked choice voting” and “approval voting”; and authorizing a local law adopting…02/06/2019: Hearing 2/19 at 1:00 p.m.
- ME LD114 – An Act To Establish Open Primaries for Certain Federal and State Offices (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This bill provides for open primary elections for the elections for United States Senator, United States Representative to Congress, Governor, State Senator and State Representative. All of the candidates for those offices, including candidates…05/28/2019: Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD)
- ME LD418 – An Act To Implement the National Popular Vote for President (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This bill proposes to adopt an interstate compact to elect the President of the United States by national popular vote. Under the compact, the presidential candidate who receives the most popular votes in all 50 states and the District of Columbia…03/14/2019: Pursuant to Joint Rule 310.3 Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD)
- ME LD816 – An Act To Implement the National Popular Vote for President of the United States (Signed/Enacted)This bill proposes to adopt an interstate compact to elect the President of the United States by national popular vote. Under the compact, the presidential candidate who receives the most popular votes in all 50 states and the District of Columbia…06/19/2019: Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD)
- ME LD1083 – An Act To Implement Ranked-choice Voting for Presidential Primary and General Elections in Maine (Signed/Enacted)An Act To Implement Ranked-choice Voting for Presidential Primary and General Elections in Maine08/26/2019: Roll Call Ordered Roll Call Number 371 Yeas 20 – Nays 12 – Excused 3 – Absent 0
- ME LD1196 – RESOLUTION, Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of Maine To Implement Ranked-choice Voting (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This resolution proposes to amend the Constitution of Maine to require candidates for the political offices of Governor, State Senator and State Representative to be elected by a majority of the votes cast for that office..04/30/2019: Pursuant to Joint Rule 310.3 Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD)
- ME LD1213 – An Act To Repeal the Ranked-choice Voting Law (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This bill repeals the laws governing ranked-choice voting.05/21/2019: Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD)
- ME LD1447 – An Act To Simplify Voting in Maine by Placing a Moratorium on Ranked-choice Voting (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This bill suspends the use of ranked-choice voting until elections held after December 1, 2023. The bill provides that the laws governing ranked-choice voting are repealed December 1, 2023 unless the Constitution of Maine is amended to authorize…05/21/2019: Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD)
- ME LD1454 – An Act Concerning Elections in Maine Congressional Districts (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This bill provides that the voters of a congressional district must determine by referendum vote the method used in that congressional district to elect their Representative to Congress. The voters of a congressional district may choose to elect…05/16/2019: Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD)
- ME LD1477 – RESOLUTION, Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of Maine To Facilitate the Use of Ranked-choice Voting for Governor and Members of the Legislature (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This resolution proposes an amendment to the Constitution of Maine to allow the Legislature, or the people by using the direct initiative, to determine whether the Governor, State Senators and State Representatives are elected by a plurality…03/17/2020: CARRIED OVER to any Special Session of the 129th Legislature pursuant to Joint Order SP 788.
- ME LD1663 – An Act To Clarify Ranked-choice Voting Laws (Signed/Enacted)An Act To Clarify Ranked-choice Voting Laws06/07/2019: PASSED TO BE ENACTED, in concurrence.
- ME LD1730 – An Act To Amend the Laws Governing Elections (Signed/Enacted)An Act To Amend the Laws Governing Elections06/12/2019: PASSED TO BE ENACTED, in concurrence.
- MI HB5281 – Cities; home rule; ranked-choice voting; authorize. Amends 1909 PA 279 (MCL 117.1 – 117.38) by adding sec. 4v. TIE BAR WITH: HB 5282’19 (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Cities; home rule; ranked-choice voting; authorize. Amends 1909 PA 279 (MCL 117.1 – 117.38) by adding sec. 4v. TIE BAR WITH: HB 5282’1912/10/2019: Bill Electronically Reproduced 12/10/2019
- MI HB5282 – Elections; voting procedures; ranked choice voting by cities; provide for. Amends secs. 321, 576a, 580, 736b, 736c, 736d, 736e, 736f, 764 & 795 of 1954 PA 116 (MCL 168.321 et seq.) & adds secs. 640 & 736h. TIE BAR WITH: HB 5281’19 (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)A bill to amend 1954 PA 116, entitled “Michigan election law,” by amending sections 321, 576a, 580, 736b, 736c, 736d, 736e, 736f, 764, and 795 (MCL 168.321, 168.576a, 168.580, 168.736b, 168.736c, 168.736d, 168.736e, 168.736f, 168.764, and 168.795),…12/10/2019: Bill Electronically Reproduced 12/10/2019
- MN HF983 – Elections; ranked-choice voting adoption by jurisdictions authorized; adoption, implementation, and use of ranked-choice voting procedures established; electronic voting systems with reallocation feature use by municipalities allowed; and rulemaking… (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Elections; ranked-choice voting adoption by jurisdictions authorized; adoption, implementation, and use of ranked-choice voting procedures established; electronic voting systems with reallocation feature use by municipalities allowed; and rulemaking…03/12/2020: Committee report, without further recommendation re-refer to Ways and Means
- MN HF1603 – Election and campaign finance; automatic voter registration and early voting provided, voting rights of persons with felony convictions restored, automatic absentee ballot delivery and ranked-choice voting authorized, National Popular Vote Interstate… (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Election and campaign finance; automatic voter registration and early voting provided, voting rights of persons with felony convictions restored, automatic absentee ballot delivery and ranked-choice voting authorized, National Popular Vote Interstate…04/28/2020: Author added Brand
- MN HF1941 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enacted. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enacted.02/11/2020: Author added Elkins
- MN HF2117 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enacted. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enacted.03/18/2019: Author added Huot
- MN SF34 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enactment (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enactment01/14/2019: Author added Marty
- MN SF189 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enactment (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote enactment02/11/2019: Author added Marty
- MN SF2424 – Ranked-choice voting local election jurisdictions option to adopt authorization and procedures for adoption, implementation and use establishment; municipalities use of electronic voting systems with a reallocation feature authorization; rulemaking (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Ranked-choice voting local election jurisdictions option to adopt authorization and procedures for adoption, implementation and use establishment; municipalities use of electronic voting systems with a reallocation feature authorization; rulemaking03/13/2019: Referred to State Government Finance and Policy and Elections
- MO HB27 – Requires all state and federal offices to use an instant runoff voting method. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT To amend chapter 115, RSMo, by adding thereto one new section relating to the Every Vote Counts Act.01/23/2019: Referred: Elections and Elected Officials(H)
- MO HB28 – Requires all local elections to use an instant runoff voting method. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT To amend chapter 115, RSMo, by adding thereto one new section relating to the Every Vote Counts in Local Elections Act.04/24/2019: Public Hearing Completed (H)
- MO HB1436 – Creates provisions for instant runoff voting. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT To amend chapter 115, RSMo, by adding thereto two new sections relating to instant runoff voting.05/15/2020: Referred: Elections and Elected Officials(H)
- MO HB1591 – Establishes the National Popular Vote Act. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT To amend chapter 128, RSMo, by adding thereto one new section relating to the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote Act.05/15/2020: Referred: Elections and Elected Officials(H)
- MS HB450 – Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote; create. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)An Act To Enact Into Law The Agreement Among The States To Elect The President By National Popular Vote And Provide That The State Of Mississippi Enters The Agreement With Other States That Join In The Agreement; To Bring Forward Sections 23-15-771,…02/05/2019: Died In Committee
- MT HJ11 – Study of election processes and voting methods (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Study of election processes and voting methods04/25/2019: (H) Died in Process
- NC H286 – Fayetteville ETJ & Annexation of Shaw Heights (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Fayetteville ETJ & Annexation of Shaw Heights05/01/2019: Re-ref Com On Rules, Calendar, and Operations of the House
- NC H994 – Top Four Open Primary/Elections (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Top Four Open Primary/Elections04/26/2019: Ref to the Com on Elections and Ethics Law, if favorable, Appropriations, General Government, if favorable, Rules, Calendar, and Operations of…
- NC S104 – National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)National Popular Vote Interstate Compact02/25/2019: Ref To Com On Rules and Operations of the Senate
- NC S422 – Planning/Development Changes (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Planning/Development Changes04/18/2019: Re-ref to Judiciary. If fav, re-ref to Rules and Operations of the Senate
- NH HB541 – Relative to allocating electoral college electors based on the national popular vote. (In Committee)Relative to allocating electoral college electors based on the national popular vote.11/08/2019: Committee Report: Refer for Interim Study (Vote 20-0; Consent Calendar)
- NH HB728 – Relative to ranked-choice voting. (In Committee)Relative to ranked-choice voting.11/08/2019: Committee Report: Refer for Interim Study (Vote 20-0; Consent Calendar)
- NH HB1531 – Relative to the release of voting information in a presidential election. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Relative to the release of voting information in a presidential election.02/19/2020: Inexpedient to Legislate: Motion Adopted Voice Vote 02/19/2020 House Journal 4 P. 10
- NJ A226 – Repeals the “Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote.” (In Committee)This bill repeals the “Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote,” adopted as part of the New Jersey statutes pursuant to P.L.2007, c.334, and amends various parts of the statutory law to remove any reference…01/09/2018: Introduced, Referred to Assembly Oversight, Reform and Federal Relations Committee
- NJ A913 – Requires presidential electors to award one electoral vote to popular vote winner in each congressional district and two electoral votes to statewide winners, and removes State from National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. (In Committee)This bill would modify the method in which the members of electoral college in the State cast their votes for the President and the Vice President in the general election. Under the bill, the process would be changed from the “Winner-Takes-All”…01/09/2018: Introduced, Referred to Assembly State and Local Government Committee
- NJ A1230 – Requires candidates for President and Vice-President of United States to disclose federal income tax returns to appear on ballot; prohibits Electoral College electors from voting for candidates who fail to file income tax returns. (In Committee)This bill provides that the names of candidates for President and Vice-President of the United States would not be printed on the ballot in New Jersey unless the candidates submit their federal income tax returns to the Division of Elections…01/09/2018: Introduced, Referred to Assembly State and Local Government Committee
- NJ A5205 – Establishes ranked-choice voting procedure for elections for Governor, State Senate, State General Assembly, United States Senate and House of Representatives, and presidential primaries and general elections for electors for United States President… (In Committee)This bill establishes a ranked-choice voting procedure for primary and general elections to elect candidates to the offices of Governor, New Jersey Senate, New Jersey General Assembly, United States Senate, and United States House of Representatives…03/18/2019: Introduced, Referred to Assembly State and Local Government Committee
- NJ S119 – Requires candidates for President and Vice-President of United States to disclose federal income tax returns to appear on ballot; prohibits Electoral College electors from voting for candidates who fail to file income tax returns. (Crossed Over)This bill requires candidates for President and Vice-President of the United States to submit their federal income tax returns to the Division of Elections in the Department of State for at least the five most recent taxable years for which…02/25/2019: Received in the Assembly, Referred to Assembly State and Local Government Committee
- NJ S1979 – Repeals the “Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote.” (In Committee)This bill repeals the “Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote,” adopted as part of the New Jersey statutes pursuant to P.L.2007, c.334, and amends various parts of the statutory law to remove any reference…02/26/2018: Introduced in the Senate, Referred to Senate State Government, Wagering, Tourism & Historic Preservation Committee
- NM HB55 – Agreement To Elect President By Popular Vote (Signed/Enacted)AN ACT RELATING TO ELECTIONS; ENACTING THE AGREEMENT AMONG THE STATES TO ELECT THE PRESIDENT BY NATIONAL POPULAR VOTE; AMENDING THE ELECTION CODE TO CONFORM WITH THE AGREEMENT.03/12/2019: Signed by Governor – Chapter 199 – Apr. 3
- NM HB407 – Election Laws 50-year Tune-up (Signed/Enacted)AN ACT RELATING TO ELECTIONS; AMENDING THE ELECTION CODE; PROVIDING DEFINITIONS OF TERMS FOR THE ELECTION CODE; PROVIDING A STANDARD DEFINITION FOR “QUALIFIED ELECTOR” FOR ALL ELECTIONS HELD PURSUANT TO THE ELECTION CODE; CHANGING THE NAME OF…03/12/2019: Signed by Governor – Chapter 212 – Apr. 3
- NM HB425 – Presidential Elector Disqualification (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT RELATING TO PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS; REQUIRING ELECTORS WHO DO NOT VOTE FOR THE CANDIDATE OF THE POLITICAL PARTY THAT NOMINATED THEM TO BE DISQUALIFIED AND THE VACANCY FILLED BY GUBERNATORIAL APPOINTMENT; PRESCRIBING A PROCEDURE FOR FILLING…02/18/2019: Action postponed indefinitely
- NM SB555 – Legislative Institution & Relations Committee (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT RELATING TO THE LEGISLATURE; CREATING A JOINT INTERIM LEGISLATIVE INSTITUTION AND STATE-FEDERAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE; ESTABLISHING DUTIES; PROVIDING FOR CREATION OF SUBCOMMITTEES; PROVIDING FOR STAFFING; MAKING AN APPROPRIATION.02/13/2019: Action postponed indefinitely
- NV AB186 – Makes various changes related to elections. (BDR 24-678) (Vetoed)Legislative Counsel’s Digest: The United States Constitution requires the election of President and Vice 1 President by presidential electors from each state who are appointed in the manner 2 directed by each state legislature under the federal…06/04/2019: (No further action taken.)
- NY A07387 – Creates a pilot program to provide for an instant runoff voting method to be used in up to ten local governments, selected by the state board of elections, in election years 2022 and 2023; requires report to state legislature. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT to create a pilot program to test a ranked choice voting method of elections; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact…01/08/2020: referred to election law
- NY A08073 – Establishes a ranked choice voting method for certain local elections; provides for repeal of such provisions. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT to amend the election law, in relation to establishing a ranked choice voting method for certain local elections; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof The People of the State of New York, represented…01/08/2020: referred to election law
- NY S02517 – Creates a pilot program to provide for an instant runoff voting method to be used in up to ten local governments, selected by the state board of elections, in election years 2022 and 2023; requires report to state legislature. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT to create a pilot program to test a ranked choice voting method of elections; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact…01/08/2020: Referred To Elections
- NY S02717 – Establishes a ranked choice voting method for certain local elections; provides for repeal of such provisions. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT to amend the election law, in relation to establishing a ranked choice voting method for certain local elections; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof The People of the State of New York, represented…01/08/2020: Referred To Elections
- OH HB70 – Adopt compact to elect President by national popular vote (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)To amend sections 3505.39 and 3505.40 and to enact section 3505.381 of the Revised Code to adopt the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote.02/20/2019: Refer to Committee: Federalism
- OR HB2578 – Relating to the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Enacts Interstate Compact for Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote.06/30/2019: In committee upon adjournment.
- OR HB2704 – Relating to the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Enacts Interstate Compact for Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote.06/30/2019: In committee upon adjournment.
- OR HB2984 – Relating to the use of ranked choice ballots for presidential nominations. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Requires that Secretary of State provide official Military or Overseas Elector Ballot for Presidential Nominating Contests that permits military or overseas electors to rank candidates for party nomination for President of United States by order…06/30/2019: In committee upon adjournment.
- OR SB870 – Relating to the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote. (Signed/Enacted)Enacts Interstate Compact for Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote.06/17/2019: Effective date, January 1, 2020.
- PA HB2042 – A Joint Resolution proposing integrated amendments to the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, further providing for duties of Governor, election procedure, tie or contest, for Lieutenant Governor and for election and registration… (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)A Joint Resolution proposing integrated amendments to the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, further providing for duties of Governor, election procedure, tie or contest, for Lieutenant Governor and for election and registration…11/14/2019: Referred to STATE GOVERNMENT
- PA SB270 – Authorizing the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to join the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote; and providing for the form of the agreement. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)An Act authorizing the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to join the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote; and providing for the form of the agreement.07/09/2019: Referred to STATE GOVERNMENT
- PA SB894 – In dates of elections and primaries and special elections, further providing for municipal primary and officers to be nominated and providing for authorization of ranked choice voting in municipal elections conducted during November. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)An Act amending the act of June 3, 1937 (P.L.1333, No.320), known as the Pennsylvania Election Code, in dates of elections and primaries and special elections, further providing for municipal primary and officers to be nominated and providing…10/24/2019: Referred to STATE GOVERNMENT
- RI H5496 – Joint Resolution To Approve, Publish And Submit To The Electors A Proposition Of Amendment To The Constitution Of The State (majority Vote Requirement Through Instant Runoff Voting For General Officers And General Assembly Members’ Election) (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Joint Resolution To Approve, Publish And Submit To The Electors A Proposition Of Amendment To The Constitution Of The State (majority Vote Requirement Through Instant Runoff Voting For General Officers And General Assembly Members’ Election)03/06/2019: Committee recommended measure be held for further study
- SC H3209 – The Agreement Among States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Amend The Code Of Laws Of South Carolina, 1976, By Adding Section 7-19-130 So As To Adopt “the Agreement Among The States To Elect The President By National Popular Vote”, And For Other Purposes; And To Repeal Sections 7-19-70, 7-19-80, 7-19-90,…01/08/2019: Referred to Committee on Judiciary
- SC H4277 – The Agreement Among States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Amend The Code Of Laws Of South Carolina, 1976, By Adding Section 7-19-130 So As To Adopt “the Agreement Among The States To Elect The President By National Popular Vote”, And For Other Purposes; And To Repeal Sections 7-19-70, 7-19-80, 7-19-90,…03/20/2019: Referred to Committee on Judiciary
- TX HCR149 – Urging Congress to pass a constitutional amendment abolishing the Electoral College and creating a system for the direct election of presidents by popular vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Urging Congress to pass a constitutional amendment abolishing the Electoral College and creating a system for the direct election of presidents by popular vote.04/08/2019: Referred To Elections
- UT HB0119 – Initiatives, Referenda, and Other Political Activities (Signed/Enacted)Initiatives, Referenda, and Other Political Activities03/25/2019: Governor Signed in Lieutenant Governor’s office for filing
- UT HB0193 – Opinion Question Amendments (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Opinion Question Amendments03/14/2019: House/ filed in House file for bills not passed
- UT HB0249 – Revisor’s Technical Corrections to Utah Code (Signed/Enacted)Revisor’s Technical Corrections to Utah Code03/22/2019: Governor Signed in Lieutenant Governor’s office for filing
- UT HB0259 – Straight Ticket Voting Prohibition Amendments (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Straight Ticket Voting Prohibition Amendments03/14/2019: House/ filed in House file for bills not passed
- UT HB0272 – Election Law Amendments (Signed/Enacted)Election Law Amendments03/22/2019: Governor Signed in Lieutenant Governor’s office for filing
- UT HB0277 – Amendments to Municipal Alternate Voting Methods Pilot Project (Signed/Enacted)Amendments to Municipal Alternate Voting Methods Pilot Project03/26/2019: Governor Signed in Lieutenant Governor’s office for filing
- UT SB0033 – Political Procedures Amendments (Signed/Enacted)Political Procedures Amendments03/25/2019: Governor Signed in Lieutenant Governor’s office for filing
- UT SB0242 – Presidential Primary Amendments (Signed/Enacted)Presidential Primary Amendments03/27/2019: Governor Signed in Lieutenant Governor’s office for filing
- UT SB1001 – Election Code Date Changes (Signed/Enacted)Election Code Date Changes09/23/2019: Governor Signed in Lieutenant Governor’s office for filing
- VA HB1620 – Elections, State Board of; membership, appointment of Commissioner of Elections. (Vetoed)State Board of Elections; membership; appointment of Commissioner of Elections. Increases the membership of the State Board of Elections from three members to five members and increases the terms of Board members from four years to five years….04/29/2019: Governor: Vetoed by Governor
- VA HB2097 – Elections for certain offices, ranked choice voting, pilot program. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Elections for certain offices; ranked choice voting; pilot program. Provides that elections for local and constitutional offices may be conducted by ranked choice voting, which the bill describes as the method of casting and tabulating votes…02/05/2019: Left in Privileges and Elections
- VA HB2422 – Presidential electors; National Popular Vote Compact. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Presidential electors; National Popular Vote Compact. Enters Virginia into an interstate compact known as the Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote. Article II of the United States Constitution gives the…02/05/2019: Left in Privileges and Elections
- VA HB2751 – County board of supervisors or city council; elections for members, ranked choice voting. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Elections for members of a county board of supervisors or city council; ranked choice voting. Provides that elections of members of a county board of supervisors or a city council may be conducted by ranked choice voting, which the bill describes…02/05/2019: Left in Privileges and Elections
- VA SB1455 – Elections, State Board of; membership, appointment of Commissioner of Elections. (Vetoed)State Board of Elections; membership; appointment of Commissioner of Elections. Increases the membership of the State Board of Elections from three members to five members and increases the terms of Board members from four years to five years….04/29/2019: Governor: Vetoed by Governor
- VA SB1731 – County board of supervisors or city council; elections for members, ranked choice voting. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Elections for members of a county board of supervisors or city council; ranked choice voting. Provides that elections of members of a county board of supervisors or a city council may be conducted by ranked choice voting, which the bill describes…01/29/2019: Passed by indefinitely in Privileges and Elections (10-Y 4-N)
- VT H0444 – An act relating to ranked choice voting (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This bill proposes to require the use of ranked choice voting in all primary elections except for that of President and in general elections for the offices of U.S. Senator and U.S. Representative.04/11/2019: House Committee on Government Operations Hearing (00:00 4/11/2019 )
- VT JRS021 – Joint resolution to amend Rule 10 of the Joint Rules of the Senate and House of Representatives to require ranked choice voting in Joint Assembly elections (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)Joint resolution to amend Rule 10 of the Joint Rules of the Senate and House of Representatives to require ranked choice voting in Joint Assembly elections03/26/2019: Read 1st time & treated as bill; referred to Committee on Rules per Rule 51
- VT S0174 – An act relating to ranked choice voting (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)This bill proposes to require the use of ranked choice voting in all primary elections for U.S. Senator, U.S. Representative, and State office and in general elections for U.S. Senator and U.S. Representative.04/02/2019: Read 1st time & referred to Committee on Government Operations
- WA HB1539 – Enacting the uniform faithful presidential electors act. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT Relating to enactment of the uniform faithful presidential1electors act; amending RCW 29A.56.320, 29A.56.340, and 29A.56.350;2adding new sections to chapter 29A.56 RCW; creating new sections; and3repealing RCW 29A.56.330.401/13/2020: By resolution, reintroduced and retained in present status.
- WA HB1722 – Concerning local options for tabulating votes in an election. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT Relating to local options for tabulating votes in an election; amending RCW 29A.60.221, 29A.52.112, 29A.52.210, 3 29A.52.220, 29A.24.010, 36.32.040, 36.32.050, 35A.12.040, and 4 28A.343.320; reenacting and amending RCW 29A.36.170; adding…01/13/2020: By resolution, reintroduced and retained in present status.
- WA HB2146 – Withdrawing from the interstate compact to elect the president by national popular vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT Relating to withdrawing from the interstate compact to elect the president by national popular vote; amending RCW 3 29A.56.320; creating a new section; repealing RCW 29A.56.300; and repealing 2009 c 264 s 1 (uncodified).01/13/2020: By resolution, reintroduced and retained in present status.
- WA SB5074 – Enacting the uniform faithful presidential electors act. (Signed/Enacted)AN ACT Relating to enactment of the uniform faithful presidential1electors act; amending RCW 29A.56.320, 29A.56.340, and 29A.56.350;2adding new sections to chapter 29A.56 RCW; creating new sections; and3repealing RCW 29A.56.330.404/26/2019: Effective date 7/28/2019.
- WA SB5708 – Concerning local options for tabulating votes in an election. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT Relating to local options for tabulating votes in an election; amending RCW 29A.60.221, 29A.52.112, 29A.52.210, 3 29A.52.220, 29A.24.010, 36.32.040, 36.32.050, 35A.12.040, and 4 28A.343.320; reenacting and amending RCW 29A.36.170; adding…01/13/2020: By resolution, reintroduced and retained in present status.
- WI AB185 – Entering into an agreement among the states to elect the president of the United States by means of a national popular vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)An Act to renumber and amend 5.10; to amend 7.70 (5) (b) and 7.75 (2); and to create 5.10 (2), 5.11 and 5.12 of the statutes; Relating to: entering into an agreement among the states to elect the president of the United States by means of a…04/01/2020: Failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1
- WI SB197 – Entering into an agreement among the states to elect the president of the United States by means of a national popular vote. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)An Act to renumber and amend 5.10; to amend 7.70 (5) (b) and 7.75 (2); and to create 5.10 (2), 5.11 and 5.12 of the statutes; Relating to: entering into an agreement among the states to elect the president of the United States by means of a…04/01/2020: Failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1
- WY SF0065 – Open ranked choice elections. (Dead/Failed/Vetoed)AN ACT relating to elections; providing for primary elections allowing any voter to vote for any candidate; requiring ranked choice voting at primary and general elections as specified; modifying requirements for primary and general election…01/23/2019: COW:Failed 5-24-1-0-0
ked no statewide ballot measures pertaining to electoral systems for 2021.
2020
Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measure(s) pertaining to electoral systems for 2020.
- Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020) – Approved
- Nevada Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020) – Not on the ballot
- Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020) – Defeated
- Maine Ranked-Choice Voting for Presidential Elections Referendum (2020) – Not on the ballot
- North Dakota Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting, Redistricting, and Election Process Changes Initiative (2020) – Not on the ballot
2019
Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measure(s) pertaining to electoral systems for 2019.
- Ohio National Popular Vote for President Initiative (2019) – Not on the ballot
Select a state on the map below to read more about electoral systems in that state.
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Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 277-286
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 264-276
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 250-263
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 236-249
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 222-235
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 211-221
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 202-210
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 194-201
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 184-193
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 174-183
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 165-173
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 158-164
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 151-157
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 143-150
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 135-142
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 131-134
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 124-130
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 121-123
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 118-120
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 113 -117
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Show 112
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 108-111
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 106-108
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 104-105
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 101-103
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 98-100
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 94-97
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Show 93
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Show 92
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Show 91
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 88-90
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 84-87
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 79-83
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 74-78
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 71-73
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 68-70
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 65-67
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 62-64
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 58-61
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 55-57
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 52-54
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 49-51
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 45-48
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 41-44
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 38-40
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 34-37
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 30-33
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 27-29
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 17-26
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 16-22
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 10-15
Listen To Pronk Pops Podcast or Download Shows 1-9
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