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Story 1: British Prime Minister Liz Truss Resigns– Speech — Videos —

What Happened With Liz Truss in Britain? A Guide to the Basics.

A little over six weeks into her leadership, the British prime minister said she would resign.

Prime Minister Liz Truss of Britain announced on Thursday that she would resign, as her husband, Hugh O’Leary, looked on.
Daniel Victor

By Daniel Victor

Oct. 20, 2022Updated 11:00 a.m. ET

LONDON — The rapid political collapse of Liz Truss ended as she announced her resignation on Thursday, a little more than six weeks after she became Britain’s leader. Her agenda had floundered, her own party had turned on her and commentators widely speculated on whether she could outlast a head of lettuce. She couldn’t.

She had pledged to shoulder through the turmoil despite widespread calls for her resignation. But minute by minute the heat on her grew until there was no path out.

If you need to get caught up, here is a guide to the basics.

Ms. Truss was anointed on Sept. 6 to replace Boris Johnson, who was elected by voters in 2019 but who flamed out in spectacular fashion after a series of scandals, forcing him to step down in July.

The general public did not elect Ms. Truss — instead, she won a leadership contest among members of her Conservative Party. To replace Mr. Johnson, the party’s members of Parliament narrowed a field of candidates to two, who were then put up to a vote by about 160,000 dues-paying party members. (They’re an unrepresentative group of the nation’s 67 million residents, far more likely to be male, older, middle-class and white.)

Liz Truss dramatically admitted defeat and announced she is quitting as PM today with Westminster gearing up for Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak to do ‘battle for the soul’ of the party. 

After just 44 disastrous days in No10, Ms Truss took to a lectern outside the famous black door to confirm her departure, sealing her fate as the shortest-serving premier in modern political history.

Revealing she had informed the King of her decision, she said: ‘I cannot deliver on the mandate…. I will remain as PM until a successor has been chosen.’ 

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Ms Truss – who insisted she was a ‘fighter not a quitter’ barely 24 hours ago – said the Tory leadership contest will be completed over the next week. Giving her valedictory statement, she was watched by husband Hugh. 

Poll

Who do you want to be the next Prime Minister?Boris JohnsonRishi SunakPenny MordauntBen WallaceSuella BravermanKemi BadenochGrant ShappsOther

Attention immediately turns to the leadership battle – with Jeremy Hunt ruling himself out within minutes. However, there are claims that Boris Johnson – currently on holiday in the Caribbean – will bid for a shock return just six weeks after he left office. 

His MP supporters have been saying it is ‘time to come back’, but other politicians warned it would be ‘f***ing madness’ and said some colleagues could choose to defect if he won.

‘It ended in chaos with 57 ministers resigning. He lost the confidence of the parliamentary party,’ they added. 

A Boris-supporting former Cabinet minister shot back: ‘If we lose 10 MPs we’ve still got a majority of 51… he’s got the stardust that the others simply do not have..’  

Friends of Rishi Sunak told MailOnline he is almost certain to stand. One close ally told MailOnline there would be a ‘natural logic’ to him facing off against Mr Johnson. ‘It will be a battle for the soul of the party,’ they added.

The number of nominations needed to get on the ballot has been set at 100 MPs. 

That means in all likelihood only two candidates will be on the first ballot of MPs, and they will merely give an indication of the mood in the Commons rather than whittling down the field.

Under the rules set out tonight, the Tories’ grassroots membership is set for an online vote to choose the winning candidate out of a final pairing.

The result of the members’ ballot will be announced next Friday. 

The high bar of 100 MP nominations is expected to rule out many hopefuls, potentially including Penny Mordaunt as well as Suella Braverman, Kemi Badenoch, and Brandon Lewis. 

Conservative 1922 Committee chair Sir Graham Brady told journalists in Westminster that a replacement should be in place by October 28, in time for the Halloween Budget. 

The bombshell news of Ms Truss’s resignation follows a week of carnage that saw a bewildering array of U-turns on the mini-Budget, the Chancellor and Home Secretary quit, confusion over whether the Chief Whip had followed her out of the door, and MPs wrestling in Commons voting lobbies.

A slew of apocalyptic polls showing Labour up to 36 points ahead had also fuelled outright panic in the Parliamentary party. 

Ms Truss held crisis talks with Sir Graham, deputy PM Therese Coffey and Tory chair Jake Berry in the building earlier, as they delivered grim message about the mood of the party.  

Liz Truss’s resignation statement in full  

I came into office at a time of great economic and international instability.

Families and businesses were worried about how to pay their bills.

Putin’s illegal war in Ukraine threatens the security of our whole continent.

And our country had been held back for too long by low economic growth.

I was elected by the Conservative Party with a mandate to change this.

We delivered on energy bills and on cutting national insurance.

And we set out a vision for a low tax, high growth economy – that would take advantage of the freedoms of Brexit.

I recognise though, given the situation, I cannot deliver the mandate on which I was elected by the Conservative Party.

I have therefore spoken to His Majesty The King to notify him that I am resigning as Leader of the Conservative Party.

This morning I met the Chair of the 1922 Committee Sir Graham Brady.

We have agreed there will be a leadership election to be completed in the next week.

This will ensure we remain on a path to deliver our fiscal plans and maintain our country’s economic stability and national security.

I will remain as Prime Minister until a successor has been chosen.

Thank you.

A series of previously-loyal MPs joined calls for her to go this morning. Even supportive Cabinet ministers had been conceding the situation is ‘terminal’.

Transport Secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan was sent out to prop up the PM this morning, but would only say that ‘at the moment’ she believes Ms Truss will lead the Tories into the next election. 

The main obstacle to removing Ms Truss over recent days was the lack of consensus on who should take over and what the process should be, with little appetite for a drawn-out contest. 

Nadine Dorries has warned the only person who would be acceptable in a ‘coronation’ is Mr Johnson. 

In order to restrict the field, the threshold of nominations to get on the ballot has been set at 100. 

The 1922 committee could seek tacit agreement from candidates that they will step aside if they are not in pole position when the field is whittled down to a final two. That would avoid the need for a run-off vote of the entire party membership.

Events accelerated after another bout of madness at Westminster yesterday culminated in stories of tears and tantrums in Parliament, with Ms Truss allegedly engaging in a shouting match with her own enforcers.

Deputy PM Therese Coffey was accused of ‘manhandling’ Tory MPs to vote against a Labour motion that could have killed the government’s plans to resume fracking – something she denies.

The premier tried to force the issue by declaring that it was a matter of confidence, meaning a defeat the would have collapsed the government. But at the end of the debate a minister declared that it was not in fact a confidence vote – triggering fury from Chief Whip Wendy Morton and her deputy Craig Whittaker. 

Other whips told MPs they had resigned, but after three hours of silence and frantic wrangling behind the scenes Downing Street announced they were still in post. A 1.33am statement then made clear that it had been a confidence vote, warning that around 30 MPs who abstained will be disciplined. 

However, in another twist this morning, Ms Trevelyan said that it had not been a confidence vote. 

The PM lost her second Cabinet heavyweight in five days after Suella Braverman resigned as Home Secretary, admitting using of her personal email to campaign against the government’s own immigration policy – but also hit out at Ms Truss for ditching key policies, suggesting she should also quit for ‘mistakes’.  

The PM appointed Grants Shapps, a Rishi Sunak supporter who as late as Monday was telling media that her government was unsustainable.

As Ms Truss time in power came shuddering to an ignominious end: 

  • Sterling shot up to $1.13 before the speech as markets anticipated that Ms Truss would resign, and then pared back gains slightly to stand 0.4 per cent higher at $1.126 after her resignation statement; 
  • Labour leader Keir Starmer has twisted the knife by demanding an immediate general election;
  • Ms Truss will be entitled to £19,000 severance after around 51 days as PM, while Mr Johnson would not have to return a payoff because more than three weeks has passed;  
  • Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle has launched an investigation into the claims of bullying during the votes last night; 
  • The Pound has dropped to $1.119 against the US dollar, its lowest level for a week, as markets digest the political turmoil.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11336361/Truss-QUITS-PM-admits-carry-crisis-talks.html

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Story 3: United States Air force’s 6th Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) Fighter Jet — Revolutionary Design Videos

Finally: America’s Launch New 6th-Gen NGAD Fighter Jet To Replace F-22

11 Planes That “Don’t Exist” – Darkstar, Aroura, TR-3b And More!

Next Generation Air Dominance

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Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD)
Project forAir superiority fighter
Issued byUnited States Air Force
Date initiated2014
Related programsNext Generation Adaptive Propulsion (NGAP), F/A-XX program (Navy)

The Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) is a United States Air Force (USAF) sixth-generation fighter initiative with a goal of fielding a “family of systems” that is to eventually supersede the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor.[1][2] A manned fighter aircraft is the centerpiece program of the initiative and has been referred to as the F-X or Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA) and is to be supported by unmanned “Loyal Wingman” platforms.[3]

The NGAD originates from DARPA‘s Air Dominance Initiative study in 2014, and is expected to field the new fighter aircraft in the 2030s. While having an identical name and sharing some technology developments, the program is distinct from the U.S. Navy’s NGAD program, which has the F/A-XX as its fighter component and would have a similar fielding timeframe.

History

The NGAD was initiated in 2014 to develop a 2030s air superiority system for the U.S. Air Force. DARPA had completed its Air Dominance Initiative study in March 2014 and in 2015 launched the Aerospace Innovation Initiative to develop X-plane prototypes to demonstrate technology for future aircraft. In 2016, the USAF followed up DARPA’s study with the Air Superiority 2030 flight plan, but while the plan stated the need for a family of systems, it was still focused on a specific member of the family called the F-X or Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA).[4][5] In 2018 the program expanded its focus from a single addition towards a suite of capabilities.[6]

The NGAD aims to develop several key technologies in areas such as propulsion, stealth, advanced weapons,[7] digital design (CAD-based engineering),[8][9] and thermal management of the aircraft signature.[10] The program changes traditional Air Force acquisition[11] by the separation of design, production, and support functions in the development process with a $9 billion budget through 2025.[12][13] More frequent industry competitions and simulations in the design and manufacturing process are characteristic of the development program.[14] NGAD is described as a “family of systems”, with a fighter aircraft as the centerpiece of the system, and other parts of the system likely to be unmanned escort aircraft to carry extra munitions and perform other missions.[15] In particular, NGAD aims to develop a system that addresses the operation needs of the Pacific theater of operations, where current USAF fighters lack sufficient range and payload. USAF commanders have noted that there may be two variants of NGAD: one with long range and payload for the Indo-Pacific and one more oriented to the relatively short ranges between possible battle areas in Europe.[15] The fighter is expected to leverage adaptive cycle engines being developed under the Adaptive Engine Transition Program (AETP) and Next Generation Adaptive Propulsion (NGAP) program, with flight ready engines expected by 2025.[16]

The fighter component of the NGAD was briefly envisioned to follow the rapid development and procurement cycles of the “Century Series” fighter aircraft of the 1950s and 1960s; dubbed “Digital Century Series” by Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (SAF/AQ) Will Roper, fighter designs would be continually iterated to enable the rapid insertion of new technology and procured in small batches. In September 2020, Roper stated that a full-scale prototype of the NGAD fighter aircraft has been flown.[17] In May 2021, chief of staff of the USAF General Brown stated that the NGAD will start replacing the F-22 once it is operational in sufficient quantity, with the fielding goal in the 2030s.[18] The F-22 has also been used to test NGAD technology and some advances are expected to be applied to the F-22 as well.[19] Due to the complexity and sophistication of modern aircraft design, however, the “Digital Century Series” concept was eventually abandoned in lieu of a more traditional development and procurement approach. In June 2022, the program has moved into the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase.[20][21]

See also

References

  1. ^ “CSAF: F-22 Not in USAF’s Long-Term Plan”Air Force Magazine. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  2. ^ “The Air Force Is Planning For a Future Without the F-22”Defense One. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  3. ^ Department of the Air Force Acquisition Biennial Report 2019 + 2020 (PDF) (Report). U.S. Air Force. p. 55.
  4. ^ Trimble, Steve (21 September 2020). “The Nearly Decade-long Story That Led To NGAD Flight Demonstrator”Aviation Week.
  5. ^ “Introduction to the Air Force’s Next Generation Air Dominance Program”USNI News. 6 October 2020.
  6. ^ Albon, Courtney. “Air Force Extends AOA for NGAD, Moves Away from Single Fighter Platform.” Inside the Air Force, vol. 29, no. 38, Inside Washington Publishers, 2018, pp. 3–4, JSTOR website Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  7. ^ “Air Force Next Generation Air Dominance Program: An Introduction”Congressional Research Service. 5 October 2020.
  8. ^ Theresa Hitchens (9 Jul 2021) Digital Design Revolution Key To All Domain Ops: Air & Space Officials Say
  9. ^ Valerie Insinna (9 Jul 2021) How two F-16s from the US Air Force’s ‘boneyard’ will find a second life as digital models
  10. ^ Jeremiah Gertler (5 Oct 2020) Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance Program: An Introduction IF11659
  11. ^ Morgan Dwyer. (8 November 2019). “The Air Force Digital Century Series: Beyond the Buzzwords”. CSIS.org. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  12. ^ Gertler, Jeremiah. (5 October 2020). “Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance Program: An Introduction”. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  13. ^ Harper, Jon. (21 September 2021). “AFA NEWS: Air Force’s NGAD Program ‘Progressing Per Plan'”. National Defense Magazine. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  14. ^ Mandy Mayfield. (14 July 2020). “JUST IN: Air Force ‘Digital Century Series’ Acquisition Concept Nearing Milestone”. National Defense Magazine website Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  15. Jump up to:a b Tirpak, John (16 June 2021). “Brown: NGAD Will be a Multirole Fighter”Air Force Magazine.
  16. ^ Trimble, Steven (31 July 2020). “Budget Shows Flightworthy Sixth-Generation Fighter Engines”Aviation Week.
  17. ^ Insinna, Valerie (15 September 2020). “The US Air Force has built and flown a mysterious full-scale prototype of its future fighter jet”Defense News.
  18. ^ Tirpak, John (13 May 2021). “New Force Design: NGAD Needed Soon, F-22 Sunset Begins in 2030”Air Force Magazine.
  19. ^ “F-22 Being Used To Test Next Generation Air Dominance ‘Fighter’ Tech”The War Zone. 25 April 2022.
  20. ^ Losey, Stephen (1 June 2022). “The Air Force’s next-gen fighter has moved into a critical new phase”Defense News.
  21. ^ Tirpak, John (24 June 2022). “Kendall Dispenses With Roper’s Quick NGAD Rhythm; System is Too Complex”Air Force Magazine.
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Story 1: New British Prime Minister Liz Trust Speech — Videos

Story 2: Ranked Choice Voting —

Electoral system
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Ranked-choice voting (RCV)

ranked-choice voting system (RCV) is an electoral system in which voters rank candidates by preference on their ballots. If a candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, he or she is declared the winner. If no candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated. First-preference votes cast for the failed candidate are eliminated, lifting the second-preference choices indicated on those ballots. A new tally is conducted to determine whether any candidate has won a majority of the adjusted votes. The process is repeated until a candidate wins an outright majority.[1][2]

See the sections below for additional information on the following topics:

  1. Background: This section lists the general steps involved in ranked-choice voting (RCV) and details an example of its application.
  2. Ranked-choice voting in the United States: This section details the usage of ranked-choice voting systems in the United States.
  3. Support and opposition: This section details the arguments in favor of and opposed to ranked-choice voting.
  4. State legislation: This section lists state legislation dealing with ranked-choice voting.
  5. Ballot measures: This section lists statewide and local ballot measures dealing with ranked-choice voting and other electoral system changes.

Note: The term instant-runoff voting is sometimes used as a synonym for ranked-choice voting. In other contexts, the term instant-runoff voting is used to describe a specific form of ranked-choice voting. This article deals largely with this form of ranked-choice voting because it is the dominant form used in the United States. Other variations of ranked-choice voting include single-transferable voting, “Round Robin” (also known as “Condorcet”) voting.

Background

https://www.youtube.com/embed/IcelJ20ygjs?&enablejsapi=1&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.orgBeyond the Headlines: What is ranked-choice voting?View other episodes here.

How ranked-choice voting works

Broadly speaking, the ranked-choice voting process unfolds as follows for single-winner elections:

  1. Voters rank the candidates for a given office by preference on their ballots.
  2. If a candidate wins an outright majority of first-preference votes (i.e., 50 percent plus one), he or she will be declared the winner.
  3. If, on the other hand, no candidates win an outright majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated.
  4. All first-preference votes for the failed candidate are eliminated, lifting the second-preference choices indicated on those ballots.
  5. A new tally is conducted to determine whether any candidate has won an outright majority of the adjusted voters.
  6. The process is repeated until a candidate wins a majority of votes cast.

Example

Assume that there are four candidates for mayor in a hypothetical city. The table below presents the raw first-preference vote totals for each candidate.

[hide]Raw first-preference vote tallies in a hypothetical mayoral race
CandidateFirst-preference votesPercentage
Candidate A47546.34%
Candidate B30029.27%
Candidate C17517.07%
Candidate D757.32%

In the above scenario, no candidate won an outright majority of first-preference votes. As a result, the candidate (Candidate D) with the smallest number of first-preference votes is eliminated. The ballots that listed candidate D as the first preference are adjusted, raising their second-preference candidates. Assume that, of the 75 first-preference votes for Candidate D, 50 listed Candidate A as their second preference and 25 listed Candidate B. The adjusted vote totals would be as follows:

[hide]Adjusted vote tallies in a hypothetical mayoral race
CandidateAdjusted first-preference votesPercentage
Candidate A52551.22%
Candidate B32531.71%
Candidate C17517.07%

On the second tally, Candidate A secured 51.22 percent of the vote, thereby winning the election.

Note: The above is a simplified example used for illustrative purposes. Specific procedures vary by jurisdiction and according to the nature of the election (i.e., whether it is a single-winner or multi-winner contest).

Related terms

The term instant-runoff voting is sometimes used as a synonym for ranked-choice voting. In other contexts, the term instant-runoff voting is used to describe ranked-choice voting processes used in single-winner elections. The term single-transferable voting is also sometimes used synonymously with ranked-choice voting. Single-transferable voting can be more narrowly construed to refer to ranked-choice voting processes used in multi-winner elections.[1][3]

The term ballot exhaustion is used to describe situations in which a ballot is no longer countable because all of the candidates marked on the ballot are no longer in the contest. This can occur in ranked-choice voting. In cases where a voter has ranked only candidates that did not make it to the final round of counting, the voter’s ballot is said to have been exhausted.[4][5]

Ranked-choice voting in the United States

As of June 2022, two states (Alaska and Maine) had implemented ranked-choice voting federal and/or state-level elections. One state (Hawaii) had adopted but not yet implemented RCV in federal special elections and special elections to fill vacancies on county councils. Another eight states contained jurisdictions that had implemented RCV at the local level. Another four states contained jurisdictions that had adopted but not yet implemented RCV in local elections. See the map and table below for further details.[6]https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Sguqb/4/

[hide]Ranked-choice voting usage in the United States, as of 2022
StateRanked-choice voting
AlabamaNo.
AlaskaYes; federal and state elections.
ArizonaNo.
ArkansasNo.
CaliforniaYes; Oakland, San Francisco, San Leandro, Berkeley, Albany (adopted for 2022 implementation), Eureka (adopted for 2022 implementation), Palm Desert (adopted for 2022 implementation).
ColoradoYes; Telluride, Basalt, Carbondale, Boulder (adopted for 2023 implementation), and Broomfield (adopted for 2023 implementation).
ConnecticutNo.
DelawareNo.
FloridaNo (SB524, signed into law on April 25, 2022, barred the use of ranked-choice voting in any election; this preempted Sarasota’s adoption of ranked-choice voting).[7]
GeorgiaNo.
HawaiiYes; legislation enacted in 2022 established ranked-choice voting in federal special elections (provided that these elections do not coincide with a regularly scheduled primary or general election) and any special election to fill a vacancy on a county council. The legislation was set to take effect on January 1, 2023.
IdahoNo.
IllinoisNo.
IndianaNo.
IowaNo.
KansasNo.
KentuckyNo.
LouisianaNo.
MaineYes; Federal elections[8]
Municipal elections in Portland.
MarylandYes; Takoma Park.
MassachusettsYes; Cambridge, Amherst (adopted but not implemented), Easthampton.
MichiganYes; Eastpointe
Adopted but not implemented; Ferndale.
MinnesotaYes; Minneapolis, St. Paul, St. Louis Park, Bloomington (adopted for 2021 implementation), and Minnetonka (adopted for 2021 implementation).
MississippiNo.
MissouriNo.
MontanaNo.
NebraskaNo.
NevadaNo.
New HampshireNo.
New JerseyNo.
New MexicoYes; Santa Fe and Las Cruces.
New YorkYes; New York City.
North CarolinaNo.
North DakotaNo.
OhioNo.
OklahomaNo.
OregonAdopted but not implemented; Benton County.
PennsylvaniaNo.
Rhode IslandNo.
South CarolinaNo.
South DakotaNo.
TennesseeAdopted but not implemented; Memphis; SB1820 precludes the use of RCV in state-level and local elections.
TexasNo.
UtahPilot program allowing for municipalities to use ranked-choice voting from 2019 through 2025 (participating cities: Bluffdale, Cottonwood Heights, Draper, Elk Ridge, Genola, Goshen, Heber, Lehi, Magna Township, Midvale, Millcreek, Moab, Newton, Nibley, Payson, River Heights, Riverton, Salt Lake City, Sandy, South Salt Lake, Springville, Vineyard, Woodland Hills).
VermontAdopted but not implemented; Burlington.
VirginiaAdopted in 2020 allowing cities to opt in to use RCV beginning in 2021.
WashingtonNo.
West VirginiaNo.
WisconsinNo.
WyomingNo.

Support and opposition

Support

The Committee for Ranked Choice Voting, which supported the 2016 Maine ballot measure that approved the use of RCV in statewide elections, made the following arguments in favor of RCV:[9]

Ranked choice voting ensures that candidates with the most votes and broadest support win, so voters get what they want. Candidates who are opposed by a majority of voters can never win ranked choice voting elections. … Ranked choice voting levels the playing field for all candidates and encourages candidates to take their case directly to you with a focus on the issues. Candidates are encouraged to seek second choice rankings from voters whose favorite candidate is somebody else. You are less likely to rank as your second choice a candidate who has issued personal attacks against your favorite candidate.[10]
—Committee for Ranked Choice Voting

Greg Orman, in a 2016 article for Real Clear Politics, made the following argument in support of RCV:[11]

In a ranked-choice election, the only way to waste your vote is to actually vote against a candidate. As long as the candidate you like least doesn’t reach the 50 percent threshold, they won’t win. So only positive votes matter. … Ranked-choice voting effectively allows voters to vote their actual preferences instead of having to vote strategically. This would have a meaningful impact on elections and governing. It would empower independent and third party candidates by eliminating the “wasted vote” argument.[10]
—Greg Orman

FairVote, an organization that advocates for the adoption of electoral reforms such as ranked-choice voting (RCV), argues that RCV, in combination with other electoral reforms, can foster the development of legislative bodies that better represent the diversity of their constituencies:[12]

All states and all congressional elections currently use winner-take-all rules that elevate district lines over voters. Legislatures elected by winner-take-all are characterized by distortions in partisan representation, entrenchment of incumbents in safe seats, regional polarization, and low representation of women and racial and ethnic minorities. When combined with multi-winner districts electing at least three members, ranked-choice voting helps to make elections fairer and more reflective in every district. This ends the cycle of gerrymandering, and creates competitive elections in which every vote really counts.[10]
—FairVote

Opposition

Louis Jacobson, in a 2013 article for Governing, summarized some of the arguments against ranked-choice voting (RCV):[13]

To be sure, the system has also inspired opposition. For starters, it’s more complicated for voters to understand, at least until they get used to it. In addition, some say there may be value in having an actual final round of campaigning between two candidates. That way, voters can see the top two finishers directly battling each other for public support. These drawbacks have come into sharpest relief when second-place or even third-place finishers in the first round ended up winning the election.[10]
—Louis Jacobson

In a 2016 article for Democracy, Simon Waxman contended that RCV is not necessarily more likely to produce more moderate candidates or more diverse legislative bodies, as some proponents of RCV contend:[14]

There is also little reason to believe that RCV will promote legislative moderation—or new campaign tactics—at the federal level, because it usually produces outcomes similar to what one would expect from a standard plurality system. In the 2013 Australian federal election, 90 percent of constituencies elected the candidate with the most first-preference votes, which suggests that choice ranking had little effect on the outcome.[10]
—Simon Waxman

Gordon Weil, a former Maine state agency head and municipal selectman, argued in a 2015 piece for CentralMaine.com that RCV runs counter to the democratic process:[15]

Ranked-choice proponents dislike [other types of] primaries, because fringe candidates can win, producing an unhappy choice in the general election. That sounds like the position of philosopher-kings who really don’t trust democracy and certainly want to see the end of political parties. If there’s something wrong with [other types of] primaries, find a way to get more people to vote. But don’t manipulate their voting. … If we want decisions guaranteed to be made by a majority, then a runoff is a better idea, because it allows voters to make a clear choice rather than the muddled, computer-run outcome of ranked-choice voting.[10]
—Gordon Weil

State legislation

See also: Electoral systems legislation at the state and city levels in the United States, 2019

The map below provides the number of ranked-choice voting bills that have been introduced in each legislatures. To learn more about each of these bills, click the bill title. This information is provided by BillTrack50 and LegiScan.

Note: Due to the nature of the sorting process used to generate this list, some results may not be relevant to the topic. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation pertaining to this topic has been introduced in the legislature recently.

Electoral systems bills in the United States, 2019

ked no statewide ballot measures pertaining to electoral systems for 2021.

2020

Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measure(s) pertaining to electoral systems for 2020.

  1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020) – Approved
  2. Nevada Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020) – Not on the ballot
  3. Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020) – Defeated
  4. Maine Ranked-Choice Voting for Presidential Elections Referendum (2020) – Not on the ballot
  5. North Dakota Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting, Redistricting, and Election Process Changes Initiative (2020) – Not on the ballot

2019

Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measure(s) pertaining to electoral systems for 2019.

  1. Ohio National Popular Vote for President Initiative (2019) – Not on the ballot

Select a state on the map below to read more about electoral systems in that state.

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